Leading and Managing Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leading and Managing Change - Essay ExampleStudies of leadershiphip put into perspectives various ways in which different issues can be approached and dealt with according to certain leadership approaches.Good leadership is often attributed to leaders that derive set objectives and works out all ways to achieve them they understand the importance of teamwork and peoples different skills and talent endowment. On the other hand, lots of misplaced priorities and failure to achieve set objectives characterize leadership that is often questioned by people. leaders who cannot manage people effectively in various businesses and organizations exemplify this kind leadership.Businesses and organizations are often described by the kind of existing management structures in the achievement of set objectives, in this case, management describes the function charged with coordination of peoples efforts towards accomplishment of goals and objectives using available resources efficiently and effecti vely (Mullins 2007 45-6). In organizations, leaders who know and understand how to deal with different kinds of people direct sound management systems that achieve set objectives. It is often said that said that as outlying(prenominal) as business and organizational leadership is concerned, people are the most important resources available. The ability to work with people effectively, understanding and fulfilling their needs is the basis for any success in businesses and organizations.Employees are the biggest and highly valuable assets for any placement, the performance and attitude towards the business and organisation are crucial towards the success and failure of the organisation (Wellington 2011 24). To the manager, one of his most difficult duties is to manage his people effectively, as part of his management responsibilities, he is supposed to provide leadership, motivation, training, inspiration and moral support at all times during his life

Quantity Surveying development and significance of the quantity Essay

Quantity Surveying development and significance of the quantity surveyors professional role in relation to changes in construction procural practice and reg - Essay ExampleQuantity Surveyors are employed predominantly on major building and construction strays as consultants to the owner, in both the globe and private sectors. They may also work as academics in the building and construction disciplines and in financial institutions, with developers and as project managers (Willis and Ashworth 46).Quantity Surveyors work intimately with architects, financiers, engineers, contractors, suppliers, project owners, accountants, insurance underwriters, solicitors and Courts and with all levels of government authorities.At feasibility stage quantity surveyors use their knowledge of construction methods and costs to advise the owner on the most economical way of achieving his requirements. Quantity surveyors may use techniques such as Cost Planning, Estimating, Cost Analysis, Cost-in-use St udies and Value Management to establish a project budget (Boyd and Kerr 34).During design, the quantity surveyor ensures that the design remains on budget through Cost Management. Essential additions are offset by other identified savings. On completion of design and drawings, the quantity surveyor may ready a Bill of Quantities, which is issued with the specification, for use by contractors in submitting tenders. The contractors quantity surveyors generally prepare tenders, and may price alternatives for consideration.The quantity surveyor is usually involved in assessing tenders and may also be asked to advise on the type of contract or special clauses in it. During construction the quantity surveyors are called on to fairly value progress payments at regular intervals. They will also value changes to design or quantities which may arise by reference to appropriate Bill of Quantities rates. The contractors quantity surveyor/contract administrator will prepare claims for progress payments and excess work.When construction is complete the quantity surveyor can produce depreciation schedules of the various

Congressional Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Congressional Leadership - Essay ExampleFor a person to be a senator, he must(prenominal) have attained the mature age which is thirty years, must have been a citizen in the United States for nine years and that when elected, sh only not be a citizen of the State where that person shall be selected. This paper will talk about various leaders of the 112th Congress in the U.S., their parties, the state they represent, and their roles in the Congress. It will to a fault show the ranks of various leaders in the senate and the United States set up of Representatives. The United States Senate and House of representatives has several members each of which is elected according to the law and has his or her take in duty to perform in service of the people. Discussion The head of the senate is the United States Vice President and shall have no vote unless there is an equal persona (James 36). The senate chose the other officers including a head pro tempore, when the vice leader is absent, or when exercising the Office of the President of the United States. The sole power of the Senate is to try all the prosecutions. During this sitting, they should be on pledge or affirmation, and when there is a trial on the United States President, the presiding officer is the Chief Justice. Nobody is to be convicted with no promise of at least two thirds of present members (Katie 15).The law-makers of the United States is more prevailing than in the other countries. ... Being a senator for 36 years from Delaware, Biden became famous as a leader through the nations most significant domestic and worldwide challenges (Joseph 40).His political party identification is the Democratic fellowship in the administration of the electric chair of the United States and he is elected in the office as an official in the white house. His constitutional duties include organism the president of the senate although he votes only when there is a tie. The president of the senate is the president ial successor whereby he heads the administrative office in the case where the president is not in office due to illness, death or due to resignation. This may be for a short while, or it may be permanent. During elections, the vice president, who is the president of the senate has the duty of accepting tallies of ballots that are cast for the president and the deputy president that are from every state whereby eventually there is an official count when the Senate and the House of Council are present (Joseph 45). President pro tempore of the senate is Senator Daniel Inouye who represents Hawaii has been in office since the death of Senator Robert Byrd. He is constitutionally accepted as an official in the legislature who leads the chamber when the vice president is absent. The senate elects him and by tradition, he is the senator in the party that has the best record of a constant service (Katie 25). He is of the Democratic Party. In order for one to become the president pro tempore , he must be involved in the political party. Working in the United States Council campaigns voluntarily, and networking with the party officers and candidates. The person should go to a school of law in order to expand the skills in public speaking

Why quit smoking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Why quit pot - Essay ExampleThere are m all(prenominal) instances where the smokers give up the attire and then succumb to the temptation. This is because they have made only half-hearted measures to quit smoking and unless one is completely determined to quit, the desire would manifest again and again. Some of the measures identical reducing the number of cigarettes one smokes or increasing the interval between successive cigarettes are just temporary solutions and do not cash in ones chips to any dour term de-addiction. There has to be a strong go outed desire to quit and the resolve has to be stiff. Though these may seem like uncut words, unfortunately they are the ones that can help in smoking cessation.- There are many who believe that tapering off nicotine usage can lead to quitting smoking. However, studies have indicated that the majority of smokers who quit have done so by abruptly quitting instead of tapering over a period of time. This method calls for will power a nd resolve and certain modifications to the dietary habits can make a difference. If one can reduce the intake of caffeine, sugar and alcohol, they go a long way in making one move away from nicotine. These are stimulants that aid in a cycle of substance addiction and cessation of any one of these can lead to cessation of the other. The high risk groups are those who take one or more than one of these stimulants in large quantities.- Quitting smoking improves the physical and mental fitness of individuals. So, having an exercise regimen goes a long way in aiding the urge to quit smoking. As they say, a jog near the park can be more addictive than a pack of cigarettes.- The effect of the peer group is one of the most important factors in nation deciding to smoke and conversely deciding to quit as well. So, make sure that you get the encouragement of co-workers and friends who do not smoke and try to slander the

Apple Price Cut Essay Example for Free

orchard apple tree Price Cut EssayTo what extent the iPhone pricing outline is similar to the iPod pricing strategy? How do you explain that the iPod de margeine chop off did not rails to such a level of customers protest? cause Both iPhone and iPod have experienced a large amount of set cut in their ingathering lifecycle. In this document, we offer find that iPod was launched in October 2001. Tough relatively spicy damaged for an MP3 player, it was hugely demanded and remains popular till learn though in that location was a outlay slash in 2005. Similar to the terms cut of the iPod, two months after the launch of the iPhone, Apple lowered the legal injury by 200 USD.However, regarding the bell strategy, a big difference between two products is the timing of price cut. iPod adjusted its price after experiencing a 4-year achievement from its launch in 2001, whereas iPhone drop in price in only 2 month, which is the main explanation of why the iPod price cut di d not lead to such a serious level of customers protest. Although both price adjustments were de marked for the aim to further expand in the mass food merchandise and improve the sales, we disregard find that the main reason for price cut of iPod is to transport more products in its declining point of product lifecycle.By contrast, the objective of price cut of iPhone is to quickly monopoly the smart holler market in its growing period of product lifecycle, which resulted a part of Apple fans profits since they bought the product in a high price. 2. Market analysts pointed out that Apple had created a strong snitch and customer loyalty which it capitalized on by adopting a skimming strategy in pricing. They as well as matt-up that customers accept its passing priced products with equanimity. To go a step further, they consciously expect it to be so. What does this tell you about the value of iPhone own-price plasticity, cross-price gingersnap and income elasticity? eff ect The practice of price skimming involves charging a relatively high price for a short time where a new, innovative, or much-improved product is launched onto a market. Obviously, cod(p) to the reason that Apple had created a strong brand image by its innovation of technology and creativity of design, and loyalty of customers, particularly those Apple crazy fans, the price skimming strategy was able to work extremely well when iPhone was launched onto the market.Meanwhile, Apples iPhone entered the highly volatile cell squall market combining telephony, MP3, meshwork surfing and video watching, which completely revolutionized the tech-savvy market and was or so awaited by both the technology enthusiasts and mainstream media. Therefore, the success of this strategy was largely dependent on those root adopters inelasticity of demand for the product either by the market as a whole. However, in the cell phone industry, where the product lifecycle is relatively short and the mark et is highly agonistic.Before almost early(a)wise competing products or substitutes emerging on the market, iPhone could enjoy its high price and benefit from its monopoly profits in a short term where demand is relatively inelastic. Whereas in the cell phone industry, the demand from mass market is price elastic, which is the main reason that Apple needs to drop its price to increase its sales according to its mass-market strategy. In terms of cross-price elasticity, we can think about this question from two aspects complements and substitutes.Firstly, due the reason that the demand of iPhone is price elastic in mass market, price of iPhone decrease, quantity demanded of components increases, which leads Apple to get a lower price of components from its supplier and further guarantee its gross margin of iPhone. In addition, the increase of sales also means the increase number of customer buying and renting apps from Apples online store. Secondly, considering substitutes, price of iPhone decrease, and quantity of competing products demanded decrease.Since the demand is price elastic, the lower production cost and increase revenue from Apple softer state of wargon are able to recuperate the loss from cost cut. We can make the consequence that regarding to the income elasticity, a decrease of price of iPhone has a positive impact on its total revenue. 3. Based on the information provided in the case would you say that the market for smartphone is closer to monopoly or to noncompetitive competition? Justify. Answer Yes, base on the information provided in the case, I regard the smartphone industry as a monopolistic competition.Monopolistic competitionis a form of imperfect competitionwhere many competing producers sell products that aredifferentiatedfrom one another. Smartphone industry has following characteristics * There are several producers like Apple, Blackberry, Nokia, Motorola etc. , and many consumers in the market, but no company can total con trol over the market price. * Consumers perceive that there are non-price differences among the competitors products. * There are few barriers to entry and exit. Producers have a degree of control over price. 4. Is the price cut decided by Apple two months after iPhone initial launch consistent with the smartphone market structure described above? Answer Yes, the performance of iPhone is consistent with the smartphone market structure. Firstly, the MC trustworthys sell products that have real or perceived non-price differences. However, the differences are not so great as to eliminate other goods as substitutes. Technically, the cross price elasticity of demand between goods in such a market is positive.In this case, iPhone perform the same basic functions but have differences in qualities such as design, style, reputation and appearance. Secondly, independent decision-making is another characteristic of monopolistic competition. The firm gives no consideration to what effect its decision may have on competitors. In other words each firm feels free to set prices as if it were a monopoly. Lastly, Apple has some degree of market power. Market power means that the firm has control over the terms and conditions of exchange. An MC firm can raise it prices without losing all its customers.The firm can also lower prices without triggering a potentially unhealthful price war with competitors, which is the reason why iPhone was able to largely cut its price in two months. 5. Knowing the price cut affected negatively Apple reputation, do you believe Apple adopted an opportunistic pricing strategy initially selling the iPhone at a high price to oblige advantage of holiday season high spending habits and then dropping the price to stimulate market growth? Is this consistent with Apple pricing strategy in its other product lines like computers and iPod?Answer I dont entirely believe that iPhone lunched at a high price was due to it attempted to take the advantage of ho liday season high spending habits. From my point of view, there are two main reasons why iPhone priced high at the beginning Firstly, the core consumer groups of iPhone are enthusiastic fans of high-tech gadgets and some of them are loyalty customers of Apple. These parts of people are not culture medium for iPhones price. What imbibe them are its quality, design and innovation. The first adopters inelasticity of demand is a good opportunity for using the price skimming strategy.Secondly, high price strategy is an effective mode to build a high-end brand image. Its much easier that a high brand image product cuts its price for promotion than a low brand image one raises it. For the tech-savvy market, the product lifecycle is short. We can often find on the market that a product of Apple or other brands cuts its price when it has been launched for a period of time. But iPhone dropped its price only 2 months after it had been introduced onto the market. This strategy is quite diffe rent from other products of Apple.For instance, iPod depreciated 2 years after it came into the market. Seeing the price of iPhone must be in line with iPod Touch, this strategy is special for Apple, comparing with other products. 6. According to Apple executives the move had been planned languish ago and felt that the pricing strategy was conceived in part to keep the iPhones pricing in line with its new iPod touch. Explain to what extent a high-priced iPhone could be an obstacle to the success of the new iPod Touch. Based on what you know about Apple late development do you find that explanation convincing?Answer In terms of the features of these two types of products, iPod Touch is like a simplified interpretation of iPhone, without the function of a phone. This determines that the prices of these two types of products must be in a line, which means, for a reasonable consideration, the price of iPod Touch must be lower than iPhone but not too far away. If iPhone had not cut it s price, iPod Touch must have had been priced at a higher level than the realistic one. We assume that, if iPhone 4 GB continued being sold at 499USD, iPod Touch may be sold at 400 or 450USD. As an mp3 player, it would be much more expensive than its competing brands.On the contrary, if iPhone had kept a high price level but iPod Touch had been set at a low one, the customers would have had been confused for why a simplified version of iPhone is so much cheaper than iPhone? That would have had a negative impacts on the sales of both iPhone and iPod Touch, even would have had impaired Apples brand image. combine with what I know about the late development of these two types of products, I found although the price cutting had a temporary harm on customers trust, iPhone and iPod Touch both performed well on the market.It proved the importance of keeping the price of iPhone and iPod Touch in a line. 7. But the sharp price cut suggested that even Apple, which has long lived in a pricin g bubble insulated from other personal computer makers, is not immune from the brutal pressures of the cellular phone business. Does this statement mean that the personal computers market is different from the cellular phone business in other words, the cellular phone market is more competitive than the personal computer market? Why? Do you deal out this view? Justify.Answer From this statement, I cant make the conclusion that the cell phone market is more competitive than the personal computer market. Apple is one of the earliest personal computer manufacturers in the world. Its personal computer products are behalf of the most advanced PC technology of the world. Especially its graphics processing technology and operating system have high reputation. Thus, Apples PC products long lived in a pricing bubble insulated from other personal computer makers. That means Apple has definitely strong market power on PC market. Its high price doesnt mean there is less competition.Furthermor e, the technical innovation, appearance design, and function combination of cell phone products are updating so fast. So the lifecycle of a handset product is shorter than a computer. The price cutting often occurs when a mobile phone has come onto market for a period of time. The objective usually is for making price room for a new generation of product, which isnt caused by competing activities. In conclusion, I dont component part this view. 8. Keeping in mind Apples range of high priced products which gives it an aura of exclusivity, was Jobs decision to reduce the price a right one? With a 50% gross margin, Apple is setting itself up for aggressive price declines going forward. Do you believe that Apple move is a sign that it is ready to enter a price war? Would this mean that Apple is leaving the niche market position it held for decades to go after mass market? What would be the pros and cons of that strategy? Do you believe it? Answer The characteristics of Apples products are novel design, fashionable appearance and the combination of music, game, music, web surfing and other functions.It determines the positioning of iPhone must be high, and the main target consumer group is high income, music digital amateurs. This segment of consumer has low sensitive for price. Pure price war will not yield more market shares for iPhone. So, the price cutting strategy doesnt mean Apple is ready for the price war. The products features determine Apples niche market strategy. But a cell phone product innovates relatively faster than other cargos. When a product successfully attracted some first adopters, how to sell them to more followers should be the core problem.Cutting the price and going in to the mass market is a universal method. Apple also adopted this strategy on iPhone. Pros of going to mass market * iPhone can attract more followers. Some of them are sensitive to the price, their demands are elastic. Before the price cutting and entry of the mass market , some of the non-owners didnt buy it just because of the high price. * iPhone can expand its market share quicker, and establish the competitive barriers. Its market power will be stronger. * The expanded customers would have had bought more online products, which would have had a big growth of income. By this strategy, iPhone can consolidate their customer-friendly brand image, and increase the loyalty of the customers. * The cooperation with ATT can get a synergy between these two brands, and can receive a sum of bonus revenue from the carrier. Cons of going to mass market * It made the brand image be lower than before. * Decreased the gross margin of iPhone. * psychic trauma some die-hards loyalty. * Increased the degree of monopoly, made the competition imperfect, and harmed the balance of the benign competition with its rivals.But a cellular phone product such as iPhone goes into the mass market is usually a temporary strategy when the product comes into the mature or declin ing period in its lifecycle, or when the company wants to make some price room for a new product. Apple cut iPhones price was just for keeping the iPhones price being in a line with iPod Touchs. It didnt mean Apple changed its main branding strategy to go into the mass market. For that time, I assume that it was a reasonable strategy for Apple to cut iPhones price.

Christmas carol Essay Example for Free

Christmas carol EssayIn a Christmas carol by Charles Dickens, scrooge becomes a improve character by the end of the story. Explain how effectively Dickens shows the extent of these character changes. The story tells of scrooge who is transported through time to the Christmas of his childhood, the present and the future. The following analyze will take you through these time periods. At the beginning of the story scrooge is portrayed as a dull, bleak character. On the front dispense for example we can see scrooge in a dark room on his own. The only light is from the small candle on his cerement piece. He has grey hair and a long pointy nose. Scrooges personality was very detrimental and dull. We know that his attitude is bad as when his nephew wishes him a merry Christmas he replies bah, humbug. scrooges nephew then again wishes scrooge a merry Christmas but again only gets a response of what reason have you to be merry, youre poor lavish when scrooges nephew replies youre rich enough what reason have you to be dismissal scrooge has no answer to that question.As well as showing us scrooges negative personality it also shows us his attitude towards Christmas. Scrooge also has a negative attitude towards the poor. We learn about this as when the charity collectors come, one says at this time of year it is usually more than desirable that we should make some slight provision for the poor. Are there no prisons replied scrooge At perceive this, the inspector says yes plenty, but many cant go there and many would rather die. A cold hearted scrooge then replies well then they had discontinue do it quick and decrease the surplus population. The collectors were astonished and after this they realised there would be no point in pursuing there point. The gentlemen left. later this incident a couple of carol singers called at scrooges house. As soon as scrooge opened the door he raised a tremendous stick and the small boys fled. At the end of the story scro oge became a completely reformed character. He walked the streets with a smile on his face he then also went to church and watched the people hurrying to and fro. He looked into kitchens of houses and found that anything could yield him pleasure.Earlier on in the story scrooge was invited to his nephews Christmas dinner. He rejected the invite. Later that afternoon he turned his steps towards the party. He walked in and say where is my love Hes in the dining room said the servant. Scrooge do his way to the dining room and when he walked in everyone looked at him bemused. Why bless my soul cried Fred whos that Its I, your uncle scrooge, I have come to dinner. Will you let me in Fred? Of course replied Fred.After the party instead of scrooges usual party pooper image he cried wonderful party, wonderful games, wonderful unanimity, wonderful happiness. Scrooge was completely reformed. some other thing that proved scrooges reformation was when Bob Cratchit turned up late for work. H e was pleading with scrooge not to fire him. Instead scrooge said a very merry Christmas and offered him a pay rise. The reader is kept interested by the ghosts that challenge scrooge each time. Once scrooge has quondam(prenominal) the first challenge the reader wants to stay and see if he passes the next one.Once he passes the second challenge the level of tension rises. After departure the third challenge scrooge remembers what he was like at the start of the story. Some of the words he used come back to haunt him. The boilers suit message is that you dont have to be a scrooge if you consider others misfortunes and try to help out as much as possible. You will lead a much happier life if you are thoughtful and considerate. The story makes you wonder which side of scrooge you are most similar to. It leaves a clear question in your head. how could I change?

The Go Green Project Environmental Sciences Essay

The Go park Project Environmental Sciences EssayYou might be affect to hear that going young notify mean just starting break through with one simple step and then growing from there. Going green does non have to be hard. Dont let the Going Green Snobs turn you off from doing your go away to help our planet.Did you know that more items can now be recycled than ever before?Just reusing things and reducing use of non-biodegradable waste can be the go green thing for you.History of the go green ideaIn Europe, the Industrial Revolution gave rise to modern milieual pollution as it is gener whollyy understood today. The emergence of great factories and consumption of immense quantities of combust and other fossil fuels gave rise to unprecedented air pollution and the large volume of industrial chemical discharges added to the growing load of untreated human waste. The sign large-scale, modern environmental laws came in the form of the British Alkali solves, passed in 1863, to r egulate the deleterious air pollution (gaseous hydrochloric acid) given off by the Leblanc process, apply to produce soda ash. Environmentalism grew out of the amenity movement, which was a reaction to industrialization, the growth of cities, and worsening air and water pollution.In Victorian Britain, an early Back-to-Nature movement that anticipate modern environmentalism was advocated by intellectuals such(prenominal) as John Ruskin, William Morris and Edward Carpenter, who were every(prenominal) against consumerism, pollution and other activities that were harmful to the natural world. Their ideas also inspired various proto-environmental groups in the UK, such as the Commons Preservation Society, the Kyrle Society, the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds and the Garden city movement, as well as encouraging the Socialist League and The clarion movement to advocate measures of temperament conservation.In the United States, the beginnings of an environmental movement can be traced as far back as 1739, though it was not called environmentalism and was still considered conservation until the 1950s. Benjamin Franklin and other Philadelphia residents, citing public rights, petitioned the Pennsylvania Assembly to stop waste dumping and remove tanneries from Philadelphias commercial district. The US movement grow in the 1800s, out of concerns for protecting the natural resources of the West, with individuals such as John Muir and Henry David Thoreau making give away philosophical contributions. Thoreau was implicated in plentys relationship with nature and studied this by living close to nature in a simple life. He published his experiences in the book Walden, which argues that people should become intimately close with nature. Muir came to believe in natures inherent right, especially after spending time hiking in Yosemite Valley and studying both the ecology and geology. He successfully lobbied congress to form Yosemite National commonalty and w ent on to set up the Sierra Club. The conservationist principles as well as the belief in an inherent right of nature were to become the bedrock of modern environmentalism.In the 20th century, environmental ideas continued to grow in popularity and recognition. Efforts were starting to be made to execute approximately wildlife, particularly the American Bison. The death of the last Passenger Pigeon as well as the endangerment of the American Bison helped to focus the minds of conservationists and popularize their concerns. In 1916 the National Park Service was founded by US President Woodrow Wilson.In 1949, A Sand County Almanac by Aldo Leopold was published. It explained Leopolds belief that humankind should have moral respect for the environment and that it is unethical to harm it. The book is sometimes called the most influential book on conservation.Throughout the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s and beyond, photography was used to enhance public aw atomic number 18ness of the need for pr otecting land and recruiting members to environmental organizations. David Brower, Ansel Adams and Nancy saucyhall created the Sierra Club Exhibit Format Series, which helped raise public environmental awareness and brought a rapidly increase flood of newborn members to the Sierra Club and to the environmental movement in general. This Is Dinosaur edited by Wallace Stegner with photographs by Martin Litton and Philip Hyde prevented the building of dams within Dinosaur National Monument by becoming part of a new kind of activism called environmentalism that combined the conservationist ideals of Thoreau, Leopold and Muir with hard-hitting advertising, lobbying, book distribution, letter writing campaigns, and more. The powerful use of photography in addition to the written word for conservation dated back to the creation of Yosemite National Park, when photographs convinced Abraham Lincoln to preserve the beautiful glacier carved landscape for all time. The Sierra Club Exhibit Form at Series galvanized public opposition to building dams in the Grand Canyon and protected more other guinea pig treasures. The Sierra Club often led a coalition of many environmental groups including the Wilderness Society and many others. After a focus on preserving wilderness in the 1950s and 1960s, the Sierra Club and other groups broadened their focus to include such issues as air and water pollution, population chequer, and curbing the growth of natural resources.In 1962, Silent Spring by American biologist Rachel Carson was published. The book cataloged the environmental impacts of the indiscriminate spraying of DDT in the US and questioned the system of logic of releasing large amounts of chemicals into the environment without fully understanding their progenys on ecology or human health. The book suggested that DDT and other pesticides may intellect cancer and that their agricultural use was a threat to wildlife, particularly birds. The resulting public concern led to the creation of the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 1970 which subsequently criminalize the agricultural use of DDT in the US in 1972. The limited use of DDT in disease vector control continues to this day in certain parts of the world and remains controversial. The books legacy was to produce a far greater awareness of environmental issues and interest into how people affect the environment. With this new interest in environment came interest in problems such as air pollution and petroleum spills, and environmental interest grew. New pressure groups formed, notably Greenpeace and Friends of the Earth.In the 1970s, the Chipko movement was formed in India influenced by Mohandas Gandhi, they set up peaceful resistance to deforestation by literally squeeze trees ( guide to the term tree huggers). Their peaceful methods of protest and slogan ecology is permanent economy were very influential.By the mid-1970s, many felt that people were on the brink of environmental catastrophe. The Back-to-the-land movement started to form and ideas of environmental ethics joined with anti-Vietnam War sentiments and other political issues. These individuals lived outside normal society and started to take on some of the more radical environmental theories such as deep ecology. Around this time more mainstream environmentalism was starting to show force with the signing of the Endangered Species Act in 1973 and the formation of CITES in 1975.In 1979, James Lovelock, a former NASA scientist, published Gaia A new look at life on Earth, which put forth the Gaia Hypothesis it proposes that life on Earth can be understood as a single organism. This became an important part of the Deep Green political theory. Throughout the rest of the history of environmentalism there has been debate and argument between more radical followers of this Deep Green ideology and more mainstream environmentalists.Environmentalism has also changed to deal with new issues such as global w arming and genetic engineering.History of the orchidaceous plant HotelEVOLUTION OF ORCHID HOTELORGANISATION social structureOfficial Name The Orchid five-star ECOTEL hotelCategory Five-star hotelLocation Vile Parle (East), Mumbai, IndiaOpening Date 27 September 1997Flagship company Kamat Hotels (India) LimitedRooms 245Guests 700Certification ECOTELISO 2001 and ISO 14001 global Awards 51Uniqueness Asias first five-star ECOTEL hotelThe Orchid Hotel, Mumbai, is a deluxe 245- fashion, five-star hotel. It accommodates 700 customers for receptions and banqueting, and is adjacent to Mumbais domestic and international airport. Having won 51 international awards, The Orchid is a pioneering eco-friendly hotel, and the ISO 14001 documentation reflects its concerns for the environment. The property is part of the HRAWI Hotel Group.The Orchid is located in the heart of Mumbai. Its facilities include spacious guest rooms, four charming restaurants, a business centre, meeting rooms, an elabo rately equipped fitness fraternity and spa, and an indoor swimming pool.Transparency is another advantage offered by The Orchid. The express check out is enabled by the interactive video installed in each room, which lets guests check their room bills, and place orders and messages. World room Connect allows guests to use the internet by simply plugging in and starting work.Green accountThe Orchid won the ECOTEL Award for its eco-friendly environment. Guests can earn credit points on all expenses incurred during their stay, which can be accumulated to redeem rewards such as holiday packages or gifts. The credit points can also be donated to the green account which supports several eco-friendly causes supported by The Orchid.Eco-roomsThe Orchid has five types of room the deluxe, executive, club prive room and suite, the orchid suite, and the presidential suite. Each room is eco-friendly and includes imported anti-allergy and odour-free carpets, discreet use of wood, paper and plast ic, cloth shopping clenchs, and newspapers and laundry delivered in cane baskets. coat hangers are made from pressed particle boards, and pens and pencils are made out of recycled cardboard, reprocessed plastic and scrap wood. Hand-crafted, rubber-soled reed slippers are available in the room, as are healthy potted plants instead of cut flowers, a recycle bin and bedside eco button to save energy. The bedside eco button helps guests to save energy and reduce the room bill, and earns the guest a certificate for participation in energy saving. Each guest can also save energy by the discreet use of the key card system.Business enclaveBusiness guests are catered for by the business enclave at the lobby, and the brightly coloured boardrooms in jade, opal and amber. Built with a soundproof surrounding, each room can be used for either meeting or dining. Banqueting facilities are offered as chambers, senates and cascades suitable for seminars, training, residential conferences, product l aunches and cocktail evenings.EVOLUTION FROM KAMATH spotIt all started when Late Mr. Venkatesh Krishna Kamat opened a shrimpy restaurant at Mazgaon followed by Krishna Bhawan in Mumbais Null Bazaar and from then onwards, there was no smell back for him, adding various landmarks in the city consistently.Kamat Hotels (India), a public listed company, gestural a contract with the management of Plaza Hotels Private for a period of 30 long time. This facilitated Kamat Hotels to run and upgrade the Kamat Plaza, a four-star hotel virtually the Santacruz Airport, with effect from 1 April 1994.Kamat Hotels hired the services of architect DM Upasni and hotel interior designer Lynn Wilson. The Kamat Plaza, famed for meeting the unavoidably of international business travellers, and came to be known as The Orchid. It opened to the public on the eve of World Tourism Day, on 27 September 1997.In Asia, The Orchid Hotel Ecotel, Mumbai, was the first to receive the Ecotel certification. Both Th e Orchid An Ecotel Hotel and VITS have consistent past performance in terms of being in the top trinity hotels in the city of Mumbai in the respective category in terms of average revenue per room. The flagship hotel The Orchid An Ecotel Hotel has consistently been in the top 5 hotels in all categories in Mumbai in terms of Rev PAR (Revenue per available room).The Orchid was awarded the prestigious ECOTEL certification by HVS Eco Services, USA. It also won the Green lump Award from World Travel Mart in London in 1998, the Green Globe Achievement Award in 2000, the Dr MS Swaminathan Award for environmental protection, the Environment Policy Award 2000 in London, and International Certification from HVS ECO Services of 5 Globe ECOTEL status in May 1997 and December 2000. The Orchid genuine its ISO 14001 Certification on 24 May 2001.VISION bearing-To make Kamat Hotels (India) Ltd one of the top three listed hotel companies by earnings by 2015 in India project to achieve this?Exp ansion of brands through self-owned and Management/Franchisee routes Grow in virgin territories where the level of competition is low and market is not tapped to its potential. Merge with smaller hotel handcuffs and grow through acquisition.The man behind the visionFrom a humble beginning as a small time restaurant owner to a Chairman and Managing Director, Vithal Kamats journey has definitely been long and arduous. When thirty-five years back, a young lad barely in his teens joined the family restaurant business, not many would have predicted the phenomenal rise of this easy-going man. His rustic charm along with his street-smart acumen and a drive to succeed has made him achieve what he has set out to and is a guiding force.Mr. Vithal V. KamatHe is a visiting faculty of various catering colleges and management institutes like NMIMS, Symbiosis etc.He was felicitated as the scoop CEO and received a special Indian crush out Editors Choice Award for promoting eco-tourism and supp orting the healthy cause of environment.Future PlansHaving pioneered the Ecotel revolution in the hoidenish, Mr. Vithal V. Kamat is all set to transform the hospitality industry in the country with his future projects and is eyeing international markets.PROJECTS UNDER IMPLEMENTATION-Expansion ProjectsLong Term Agreements with OTDCThe Company has signed two lease agreements with Orissa Tourism Development Corporation (OTDC) during the year, on completion of successful bidding process and took possession of Mahodadhi Niwas at Puri and Eco Resort at Ramchandi, near Sun Temple at Konark. The project work is in progress and likely to be completed soon.Lease Agreement for castle at Parikud, OrissaThe Company has also acquired, on long term lease basis, Parikud Palace in Orissa for eco- tourism and environmental study for Chilika Lake.MANAGEMENT CONTRACTSThe Company has entered into management contracts and arrangements for providing technical consultancy. The new contracts includesKonar k. The project work is in progress and likely to be completed soon.NIRMALAYA COMPOSTING PROJECTEvery year Mumbai celebrates Ganesh Utsav a festival honouring the deity Ganpati with great fervour. At the end of the ten-day festival, the idols are usually immersed in the lakes, creeks or the ocean. Along with the idol, are immersed various offerings, which include flowers, garlands and the dcor. The Orchid took the initiative of helping to minimise the slander to our water sources by conducting a project whereby these offerings can be converted into organic manure instead of being dumped directly into the sea.The Orchid, in association with the Brihanmumbai municipal Corporation conducted a vermicomposting project of these floral offerings, usually known as Nirmalaya. This involved collection of floral offerings made during the festive season, composting and creating organic manure. This was then distributed to interested ALMs. Dr. Sangole and Mrs. Sangole of the Pestom Sagar ALM a ssociation guided us through the initial process. All-in-all, about 200 tonnes of Nirmalaya was collected and consequently placed in vermiculture pits in a space at the Gorai landfill site provided by the BMC. The Orchid also distributed pamphlets to all the Ganesh Utsav Mandals (stalls) and on the beaches during the immersions extolling all to segregate waste and place the same in the Nirmalaya Kalash.Anti plastic bag campaignPlastic bags of 20 microns and less were creating a serious environmental hazard in the city of Mumbai. It was found that these plastic bags, which were ubiquitous in Mumbai, were strangulation the drains all over the city. This led to serious inundate problems during the monsoons, and major parts of this city would remain submerged for days on end due to this. wherefore the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai decided to face up this problem on a war footing.The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai had from 1fifth August 2000 banned the use of plast ic bags less than 20 microns. It had been publicise by the MCGM that the manufacture, recycling, possession and use of such prohibited bags are a serious offence. Under slit 390 and 394 of Municipal Corporation Act the Traders, Distributors and users can be fined upto Rs. 2000/- for each offence. Also the Shop/Trade Licenses can be cancelled. The manufacturers of these prohibited plastic bags can be fined upto Rs. One lakh and/or imprisoned upto 5 years.The Orchid An Ecotel Hotel, supporting the noble cause of the Municipal Corporations ban on plastic bag had launched an inter-school competition wherein the schools would collect the old plastic bags from their homes and neighborhoods in go of which we would give them a cloth bag. The school collecting the highest average number of bags per child was to be invited to The Orchid for a felicitation followed by Dinner.We sent the fantasy to 250 schools in Mumbai. We received an overwhelming response from schools who welcomed this i nitiative of ours with open arms. For this purpose, to coincide with Teachers Day, which falls on 5th September 2000, we also released advertisements in various leading newspapers of Mumbai. The students took the campaign out to their homes and neighborhoods and as a result the awareness about the effects of plastic was fiesta by word of mouth to 7.8 million citizens of Mumbai. As the campaign made news headlines and was also actively carried by the television news channels the effect of the reach cannot be imagined Thus a small effort on our part actually made big strides for the environment.The result?43 schools covering 80,000 students, stash away 750 kgs of used plastic bags(Approximately 3000 plastic bags of 20 microns and at a lower place make 1 kg)Today, Mumbai has 4.5 million square feet less of thin plastic to worry aboutVISSION MISSION-To make Kamat Hotels (India) Ltd one of the top three listed hotel companies by earnings by 2015 in IndiaPlan to achieve this?Expansion of brands through self-owned and Management/Franchisee routes Grow in virgin territories where the level of competition is low and market is not tapped to its potential. Merge with smaller hotel chains and grow through acquisition.The man behind the visionFrom a humble beginning as a small time restaurant owner to a Chairman and Managing Director, Vithal Kamats journey has definitely been long and arduous. When thirty-five years back, a young lad barely in his teens joined the family restaurant business, not many would have predicted the phenomenal rise of this easy-going man. His rustic charm along with his street-smart acumen and a drive to succeed has made him achieve what he has set out to and is a guiding force.Mr. Vithal V. KamatHe is a visiting faculty of various catering colleges and management institutes like NMIMS, Symbiosis etc.He was felicitated as the best CEO and received a special Indian Express Editors Choice Award for promoting eco-tourism and supporting the healthy cause of environment.Future PlansHaving pioneered the Ecotel revolution in the country, Mr. Vithal V. Kamat is all set to transform the hospitality industry in the country with his future projects and is eyeing international markets.PROJECTS UNDER IMPLEMENTATION-Expansion ProjectsLong Term Agreements with OTDCThe Company has signed two lease agreements with Orissa Tourism Development Corporation (OTDC) during the year, on completion of successful bidding process and took possession of Mahodadhi Niwas at Puri and Eco Resort at Ramchandi, near Sun Temple at Konark. The project work is in progress and likely to be completed soon.Lease Agreement for Palace at Parikud, OrissaThe Company has also acquired, on long term lease basis, Parikud Palace in Orissa for eco- tourism and environmental study for Chilika Lake.MANAGEMENT CONTRACTSThe Company has entered into management contracts and arrangements for providing technical consultancy. The new contracts includesKonark. The project work is in progress and likely to be completed soon.VISSION MISSION-NIRMALAYA COMPOSTING PROJECTEvery year Mumbai celebrates Ganesh Utsav a festival honouring the deity Ganpati with great fervour. At the end of the ten-day festival, the idols are usually immersed in the lakes, creeks or the ocean. Along with the idol, are immersed various offerings, which include flowers, garlands and the dcor. The Orchid took the initiative of helping to minimise the damage to our water sources by conducting a project whereby these offerings can be converted into organic manure instead of being dumped directly into the sea. The Orchid, in association with the Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation conducted a vermicomposting project of these floral offerings, commonly known as Nirmalaya. This involved collection of floral offerings made during the festive season, composting and creating organic manure. This was then distributed to interested ALMs. Dr. Sangole and Mrs. Sangole of the Pestom Sagar ALM associa tion guided us through the initial process. All-in-all, about 200 tonnes of Nirmalaya was collected and consequently placed in vermiculture pits in a space at the Gorai landfill site provided by the BMC. The Orchid also distributed pamphlets to all the Ganesh Utsav Mandals (stalls) and on the beaches during the immersions extolling all to segregate waste and place the same in the Nirmalaya Kalash.Anti plastic bag campaignPlastic bags of 20 microns and less were creating a serious environmental hazard in the city of Mumbai. It was found that these plastic bags, which were ubiquitous in Mumbai, were choking the drains all over the city. This led to serious flooding problems during the monsoons, and major parts of this city would remain submerged for days on end due to this. Hence the Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai decided to tackle this problem on a war footing.The Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai had from 15th August 2000 banned the use of plastic bags less than 20 mi crons. It had been publicized by the MCGM that the manufacture, recycling, possession and use of such prohibited bags are a serious offence. Under Section 390 and 394 of Municipal Corporation Act the Traders, Distributors and users can be fined upto Rs. 2000/- for each offence. Also the Shop/Trade Licenses can be cancelled. The manufacturers of these prohibited plastic bags can be fined upto Rs. One lakh and/or imprisoned upto 5 years.The Orchid An Ecotel Hotel, supporting the noble cause of the Municipal Corporations ban on plastic bag had launched an inter-school competition wherein the schools would collect the old plastic bags from their homes and neighborhoods in return of which we would give them a cloth bag. The school collecting the highest average number of bags per child was to be invited to The Orchid for a felicitation followed by Dinner.We sent the concept to 250 schools in Mumbai. We received an overwhelming response from schools who welcomed this initiative of ours w ith open arms. For this purpose, to coincide with Teachers Day, which falls on 5th September 2000, we also released advertisements in various leading newspapers of Mumbai. The students took the campaign out to their homes and neighborhoods and as a result the awareness about the effects of plastic was spread by word of mouth to 7.8 million citizens of Mumbai. As the campaign made news headlines and was also actively carried by the television news channels the effect of the reach cannot be imagined Thus a small effort on our part actually made big strides for the environment.The result?43 schools covering 80,000 students,Collected 750 kgs of used plastic bags(Approximately 3000 plastic bags of 20 microns and below make 1 kg)Today, Mumbai has 4.5 million square feet less of thin plastic to worry about