Virginia Union University SAT Scores, Financial Aid

Movie Analysis Remember That You - 1607 Words

Epictetus says, â€Å"Remember that you are an actor in a play, which is as the playwright wants it to be: short if he wants to short, long if he wants it long. If he wants you to play a beggar, play even this part skillfully, or a cripple, or a public official, or a private citizen. What is yours is to play the assigned part well. But to choose it belongs to someone else† (#17). Epictetus comes from a stoic school of philosophy, this maxim means that people are who they are meant to be. Everything that happens has been written and even if it is something awful the characters have to just be okay with it because, as Epictetus puts it, â€Å"you are an actor in a play, which is as the playwright wants it to be.† Even if someones life contains events like death, loss, or full destruction of oneself they have to just embrace it and realize that this is the life they were destined to have. This maxim could mean a lot of things, for example, someone is destined to be who the y are and instead of fighting against it they just have to just embrace it. This could be seen in a lot of different ways, for example, it could mean in terms of ones family values or religious interpretations. Les Brown once said, â€Å"Just because Fate doesn t deal you the right cards, it doesn t mean you should give up. It just means you have to play the cards you get to their maximum potential.† In a lot of literature the characters have some kind of drama or damning part that takes place in their life. Many of theseShow MoreRelatedRemember The Titans Film Analysis1202 Words   |  5 PagesFilm Analysis Paper: Remember the Titans This paper will analyze the film Remember the Titans through a social psychological perspective using principles that are depicted throughout the film. This film takes place in Virginia during the segregation years. One African American coach is picked to be head coach at a school in the suburbs. His team is forced to play with another team that is all white males. Both coaches and players have to go through many difficult trials and tribulations. At firstRead MoreThe Lovers, By Rachel Mcadams And Ryan Gosling1275 Words   |  6 Pageswork at this everyday, but I want to do that because I want you. I want all of you, forever, everyday. You and me†¦everyday.† Sound familiar? The lovers are named Allie Hamilton and Noah Calhoun, also known as Duke. As young people, these characters are played by Rachel McAdams and Ryan Gosling. These actors portray first loves and heartbreak that tugs on your heartstrings beautifully just wanting and waiting for more. Starting off the movie with a beautiful scene looking across a sunrise-filled lakeRead MoreRemember The Titans : Movie Analysis1370 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The movie Remember the Titans, focus on family assessment with an emphasis on family values, socialization, healthcare beliefs, and adaptation on how family solves problems. Also, family processes by way of adjustment in a newly ethnic integrated community surrounding sociocultural, environment and roles in the community. The analysis of Remember the Titans is surrounded by the main character Coach Herman Boone, his wife and two daughters including family values and adaptation. Movie SettingRead MoreA Psychological Viewpoint on Memento846 Words   |  4 Pagesnight. Leonard kills one of the attackers during the attack, although the second one escapes. Due to the injury and resultant amnesia, the last thing Leonard remembers is his wife dying. He is unable to remember new information after that day. The movie shows how he devotes his life to finding and killing the second attacker. The movie uses a unique presentation style where the director starts with a particular event in present (completion of protagonist’s revenge) and builds the story by linkingRead MoreFilm Analysis of Memento Essay845 Words   |  4 PagesFilm Analysis of Memento Columbia Tristar Films starring Guy Pearce, Carrie-Anne Moss, and Joe Pantoliano released â€Å"Memento† in 2001. The movie was produced by Suzanne and Jennifer Todd, and was directed by Christopher Nolan. Christopher Nolan also wrote the short story and screenplay. This film is about a man named Leonard, played by Guy Pearce, who suffered a major brain injury to the hippocampus that left him with a rare memory disorder called anterograde amnesiaRead MoreOrganizational Behavior And Leadership Analysis Essay924 Words   |  4 PagesOrganizational Behavior and Leadership Analysis Introduction Leadership and organizational behavior are structured elements of life that give meaning to factors such as motivation and effort. Leadership is not easily understood and as such it is taken to mean different things by different people. However, leadership and effective organizational behavior all lead to achieving the same results and ensuring that employee effort does not go unrecognized. Leadership Comparisons Former Coach Bobby KnightRead MoreEssay on A Review for â€Å"The Lion King†1188 Words   |  5 Pagesseemingly educated woman that has won Oscar awards for her documentaries, could possibly be so far off base in her review of the Disney movie â€Å"The Lion King†. Margaret Lazarus has taken a movie made for the entertainment of children and turned it into something that is racist, sexist and stereotypes gender roles. She uses many personal arguments to review the movie but offers few solutions. The author is well organized but she lacks alternate points of view and does not use adequate sources. LazarusRead MoreWith Honors Movie Review1061 Words   |  5 PagesHawks - Studious Nerd Plot Analysis WITH HONORS is a thoughtful and well done little slice of life with a moral weve all heard before: do what makes you happy and take time to live your life. Director Alex Keshishian and screenwriter William Mastrosimone, however, dont knock you over the head with its theme and/or morals. There are some scenes where youre expecting the probable to happen and they dont: e.g., after Simon cooks Gorky, the rooster, you expect his master to be furious---whenRead MorePersuasive Speech Entry 21254 Words   |  6 PagesEntry 1: Passage: â€Å"Bro, you should just hit that. Forget about Jase. God, that is one candy-coated honeybunny.† # 14 Situation: Quentin Jacobsen and his friend Ben are trying to get him a date for prom. They were in the hallway looking at Margo Roth Spiegelman, a girl who lives in Quentin’s neighbourhood. Analysis: In this passage, Quentin and his friend, Ben are trying to call a girl by a slang term candy-coated honeybunny. This passage can be offensive to a girl and is inappropriate forRead MorePersonality As A Person s Pattern Of Their Behavior, Feelings And Thoughts1287 Words   |  6 PagesPersonality could define how the course of an individual’s life will be. In the analysis of this paper, we look at a few topics surrounding personality. This analysis will reflect on if personality exists, assessment and therapy, validity of assessments, and if valid assessments can correspond to when you are being observed. Regarding this question of if personality exists, first you could look into what do you mean by the word personality. In chapter one of the book, the chapter is about

Marxism in the necklace free essay sample

In â€Å"The Necklace†, Guy de Maupassant uses a woman’s life, and very important event in it, to depict the Marxism of his or her lifetime, especially amongst women. He uses comparisons and downfalls of her life to depict society’s shortcomings and beliefs of class. Marxism looks at the economic and social structures of a society and the draws attention to the struggles between the classes. A Marxist might believe that people are born as creations of economical or social positions. Born to a family of clerks, Mrs. Mathilde Louise was beautiful by looks, but felt as if she was not because she could not afford to dress well, eat well, or live well. She felt everything she had was ugly and until she was rich she would be unhappy. Matildas husband received an invitation for him and her to attend a very high-class party, which he believed she would be ecstatic to attend but yet because of her downfalls and the Marxism of her society she felt as if she was not good enough. Mathilde felt as she was always made for something better than she was. Guy de Maupassant says, She suffered from the poverty of her dwelling, from the wretched look of the walls, from the worn out chairs, from the ugliness of the curtains. All those thing of which another woman of her rank would have never even been conscious, tortured her and made her angry. (Maupassant, 68). Here he depicts Marxism by showing that normal things that should have never worried her or made her conscious did so, and to a point made her paranoid. This is a depiction of her and the social class she was trapped in longing desperately for something it could not have at that point. Social structures and classes are also looked upon Mathilde felt as if she had nothing to wear to an upper class party. Mathildes husband received the invitation for her and himself to attend the Palace for a party, thinking she would be ecstatic and that she would enjoy becoming one of the elites for a period of time. As she opened the invitation an anger arose inside of her, because she believed she had nothing worth wearing. She suggested that he give the invitation away but her husband suggested they buy a new dress to fix the problem. Matihlde feels as if the upper class wears nicer clothes than she could have and that she would have to pay lot of money for such clothes. She believed this because what others have told her and what she dreamed of having. Was this true, or was this a lie people told her? He uses clothing to show a clash between classes, and how something so simple caused a major downfall in her life. Feeling as if she was made to work and not enjoy lifes greater things, Matilda was feeling down again as the party drew near. Now having a dress but feeling as if she was to poor to have jewelry, Mathilde says â€Å"No; there’s nothing more humiliating than to look poor among a lot of rich women. † Her husband, who goes nameless throughout this book suggest that she could have used flowers to compliment her dress but she felt as if the rich upper class paid a lot more for jewelry. Here Maupassant depicts the division of the social and economic classes again by using something as small as the jewelry one wears to a party. He appeals to women here because most women want to wear the so-called rich jewelry and clothes to a party, so they feel for Matilda. To solve the problem she contacts an old friend who is of the rich class about borrowing some jewelry. Her friend, Mme. Forestier, had an abundance of jewelry showed her the jewelry case and told her to choose whatever she may like. Mathilde looks through her jewelry until she finds the one that she thinks is the most expensive of all and asks if she can loan that one. Mme. Forestier replies with a yes and Matilda becomes ecstatic. Marxism is shown here when she picks the most expensive one; Maupassant has her choose the most expensive one to show her dire longing for this life and the things she believes it is made of. Maaussant has her choose the most expensive one to show that she wants to be considered the richest of all. She wants and is obsessed with what she believes she should have, but does not. She dream of being part of the rich society and in a way this necklace made her feel as if she was part of it. This piece of expensive and beautiful jewelry showed social structure and classes and how they worked, but so did her actions, thoughts, and how she carried herself at the ball. When it was time for the ball Guy de Maupassant uses Mathilde to show Marxism again by the way she acts and carries herself. The story says She danced with delight, with passion, intoxicated with pleasure, thinking of nothing, in the triumph of her beauty, in the glory of her success, in a sort of cloud of happiness made up of all these tributes, of all the admirations, of all these awakened desires, of this victory so complete and so sweet to a woman’s heart. (Maupassant, 70). The ball itself was a peak into the life of the upper class and she thought that this was what the upper class life was about. In her mind the rich life was a big ball or party in a sense, people had depicted in her mind and made her believe this is what it is like. He depicted her as being in heaven almost in her dreams but it was real, for that small amount of time she could be who she had always wanted to be but the next day she was still married to a clerk schoolteacher. After the ball she realizes that she has lost the thing that brought her up to the upper class, the necklace. After the party Mathilde realizes she has lost the necklace that she borrowed and soon realizes that she will in some way have to pay it back. Her and her husband search all night and day for the necklace with no prevail. Finally they come to the reality that they will have to pull out a loan and live in extreme poverty for ten years to pay for another one to give to here friend. They take out loans to buy the necklace to give it back to Mme. Forester. The necklace cost 360,000 francs. For ten years Mathilde and husband live in poverty paying for the necklace, constantly trying to meet deadline and pay back many loans. This resembled Marxism in a way because although Mathilde had fun and became rich for that night it came at the great cost of living in poverty for the next ten years. These ten years, or one might say attending the ball, caused her to age greatly and become a woman of poverty. The book describes her as having frowsy hair, skirts askew, and red hands, and she talked loud, at the end of the ten years because that is what she grew to be to be able pay the loans. (Maupassant, 72). Mathilde soon learns that her dance may not have been totally worth 360,000 francs. Soon after paying off the loans, Mathilde sees Mme. Forester again in town and decides now might be the time to tell her about the necklace. When she tells her that she had lost the original necklace and had spent the last ten years paying for the replacement she purchased, Mme. Forestier explains that it was a fake and had only cost 500 francs. Maupassant uses this to show that she has changed and has become full of pride in who she is and the work her and her husband have done. She is no longer down about herself and wanting to be rich she is content with where she is. He almost depicts her as decreasing in social status of what she was originally but by doing this she realizes to be content where she is at and what she has in life. Maupassant uses The Necklace to show the vast differences, wants, and beliefs of social and economic structures during his time. The Necklace uses Mathildes life as a clerk to show the differences in middle, lower, and upper class. It shows the struggle and clashes between them, especially the middle and upper classes. Mathilde longs for a necklace and lifestyle that could not be hers and it took ten long aging years for her to realize that the struggle between classes could be solved if people were content where they are at.

Do Cell Phones Cause More Vehi Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper Do Cell Phones Cause More Vehicle Accidents? The cellular phone, while non being straight related to automotive travel, has become one of the most popular and dangerous inventions. The figure of cellular phone users has grown to one hundred million in the United States. There are two classs of cell-phone intents. The first class, which is least popular, is called merely for exigencies. Cellular phones used in this class are merely dependable beginnings of communicating. Some exigencies might include: a bedraggled auto, stranded household or friends, and calls sing waies. The 2nd class of cell-phone intents is called the attending stealer. Which is the taking cause of auto accidents and in about all instances, decease. The cellular phones used in this category consist of long personal conversations that steal the drivers attending off from the route, other drivers, and walkers. Driving while speaking on a cellular phone negatively effects a individual s ability to drive, and increases the hazard of anyone else on the route. We will write a custom essay sample on Do Cell Phones Cause More Vehi Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There have been many instances that prove cellular phones interfere with the ability to command an car. One instance, which ended in the decease of a immature male child who was hit by a driver utilizing a cellular phone, led me to the premises that cellular phones decreased drivers response clip and phone conversations created a distraction for drivers. Driving while speaking on a cellular phone evidently negatively effects a individual s ability to drive, and increases the hazard of anyone else on the route. Performing these two undertakings at the same time increases the hazard of holding an accident four times. Dividing our attending between two undertakings decreases our public presentation in both of them. Driving an car is more than pressing the gas pedal and maneuvering the wheel. If impulsive attending is affected at all, there s a opportunity of misjudgment ; which can be unsafe behind the wheel. Drivers utilizing cellular phones aren t to the full cognizant of their milieu s. They are seting themselves every bit good as others at hazard. Research workers have found several statistics covering with those who use cellular phones while driving that are really alarming. Peoples are four to five times more likely to hold an accident while utilizing a cellular phone than those people who do non, and they are besides more likely to be the dramatic vehicle in the accident. Some surveies have even gone every bit far to state that driving while utilizing a cell pho Ne has about the same consequence on the driver s accident hazard as driving while rummy. That can be a chilling idea sing the figure of people who use cellular phones in their auto everyday. The most distracting portion of utilizing a cellular phone while driving is looking at the phone to dial the figure and looking at the route to avoid crashing. Some people might name looking at the route and a cell-phone at the same time hard or even impossible. Although there are solutions for these common happenings, such as hands-free kits and velocity dial to diminish the clip used dialing ; these Plutos don t needfully increase the drivers alertness to the route. Hands-free auto kits are a better stake safety-wise, but they are non the full reply. Drivers who take a opportunity and speak on the phone for long periods of clip are capable to temper alterations. Tempers and attitudes significantly affect driving ability. If a driver is holding a pleasant conversation their attitude towards other drivers is less likely to be aggressive. On the other manus, if a driver is holding an disconcerting conversation, an statement, their attitude is more likely to alter to aggressiveness and carelessness. In my experience with drive and holding phone conversations my attitude towards other drivers depends on the temper I get from the conversation. For an illustration my boy-friend and I are holding a dissension. Even if I hang-up the phone the dissension normally dictates my tolerance degree for other drivers. Another illustration is if you were to have intelligence while driving that person near to you had been involved in an accident and taken to the infirmary, your concentration would of course wing out the window perchance doing anothe r accident. There is no uncertainty that the usage of hand-held cell phones in autos is unsafe and can lend perceptibly to this already really high accident rate. Clearly there are some dangers in utilizing cell-phones while driving a auto. Traffic records are stuffed with incidents affecting people losing control of their auto while runing a phone. Motorists should utilize discretion in dialing up a cell phone. Common sense would look to order that utilizing a phone in heavy traffic is hazardous. There are many grounds I am so strongly against the usage of cellular phones while driving. The most compelling grounds are the guiltless by-standers who become victims because of careless drivers and the many lives lost due to phone conversations. Is it of all time traveling to halt? 344

The last supper movie satire analysis Essay Example For Students

The last supper movie satire analysis Essay After having buried 10 conservationists , the students have a garden full of tomatoes proving that conservationists serve great as fertilizers(NOT) and since that in life they served no good to the society from the liberals point of view, in death they can. The students invite the guests with an already planned ending for all of them: death. They are in continuous disagreement with them in order to find something that they , n turn, see as wrong and reason the death of the guest , this taking some of the guilt off their shoulders and considering it a good gets for society . We will write a custom essay on The last supper movie satire analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now At the slightest counter-idea they hurry the dinner and get to the exciting part of it by using phrases such as: its time for dessert . Len the movie ,this is seen in the scene where the anti ecologist gradually considers their point of view as well and starts rethinking; confused of him agreeing to the libertarian point of view, and used to Just having their guests poisoned, the group of students does not break the Sunday ritual and assures the guest( by saying you are entitled to your own opinion) , who comes back to his conservationists point of view. This goes to the original argument :insignificance of life. As the movie progresses the students kill more and more people ;slowly not taking into consideration their status in society , Just their closed-minded ideas. The director stops introducing the guests by their names as they will eventually die;instead, continues by defining(l want to say it in a different way) them by their causes and slowly Just shows the piles of soil that were once their guests. The students decide a matter of life and death by either last questioning the guest : if you were in a bar with a guy called Doll Hitler , would you kill him to save all those lifes or would you let him live? Or its 4 to 1 . He lives. This again, shows the insignificance of life and how little they care for the others and their fate. RACISM (DISCRIMINATION AGAINST BLACKS ) From the very beginning ,Luke is the one who initiates the idea of having the deadly dinner ,even though his colleagues are reluctant. He is also the one to have suggested not to call the police ,and instead Just hide the murder . While he starts off as the most rational in critical situations, he becomes the most irrational ,cruel and quick-tempered ; he is also very sarcastic throughout the movie ( keep them in the kitchen barefoot and pregnant he says to a sex offender they have had as guest) . By the end of the movie he loses control and gets to the point where he is about to kill one of his own mends. THE LAST SUPPER (RELIGIOUS REFERENCE) In the movie, the 5 students are supposed to take the place of the apostles and the guests are Jesus, who is going to be sacrificed. The characters are also given names of apostles Dude,Pauline,Marc,Luke and Pete) The difference is , the roles are reversed, while the apostles are meant to spread the good word of Jesus to other people, they kill him. This could also mean that the students represent only two apostles :Judas(who betrayed Jesus) and Peter (who denies he knows him ) ;While Jesus is aware of his scarification , the guests arent . The guests are also served very good food as it will be their last meal . Unlike most movies where good always wins over bad in the end, The last supper ends by having Norman -(the very conservatism celebrity that is present in short scenes throughout the movie ,watched and critiqued by the students ) killing the 5 students with their own weapon and later describing himself as a humble ,humble servant in his presidential campaign. Why is it being satirized? ) I believe that the director is trying to say that both the right and left wing /wingers can become evil/ harmful when taken to the extreme :extreme conservationists ( the guests) and extreme liberalizes(the students) 2) Another problem I think the director meant to point out how easily people lose their lifes over different causes (like those mentioned in the movie: homosexuality , anti-ecologist, racism). This makes me wonder , Is it really worth it to die for it or to take a life? And When can you say it was right for you to d ecide that someones existence isnt important to the society anymore ? . This argument can be evidenced by history itself. Situations where people have died and been killed because their opinions or way of being did not correspond to the majority are many, hence Stalins saying : If you are not with us , you are against us. Another example is the time of The inquisition (an example Ewing Galileo Gillies scientifically proven idea that the earth revolves around the sun did not correspond to the original statement . N order to avoid imprisonment , he was forced to deny his statement. ) 3) Throughout history , blacks have always been seen as the bad guys with bad intentions . Len the movie , they have chosen the head of the plan ,a black , meaning to make fun of the concept and the stereotyping . 4) Good doesnt always win in the end , especially in the real world is what the directors expressed through their last scene . Corrupted people become the leaders of our countries. Is it effec tive? .ud896fa27935ae2061f70ab40ec194d40 , .ud896fa27935ae2061f70ab40ec194d40 .postImageUrl , .ud896fa27935ae2061f70ab40ec194d40 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud896fa27935ae2061f70ab40ec194d40 , .ud896fa27935ae2061f70ab40ec194d40:hover , .ud896fa27935ae2061f70ab40ec194d40:visited , .ud896fa27935ae2061f70ab40ec194d40:active { border:0!important; } .ud896fa27935ae2061f70ab40ec194d40 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud896fa27935ae2061f70ab40ec194d40 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud896fa27935ae2061f70ab40ec194d40:active , .ud896fa27935ae2061f70ab40ec194d40:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud896fa27935ae2061f70ab40ec194d40 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud896fa27935ae2061f70ab40ec194d40 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud896fa27935ae2061f70ab40ec194d40 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud896fa27935ae2061f70ab40ec194d40 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud896fa27935ae2061f70ab40ec194d40:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud896fa27935ae2061f70ab40ec194d40 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud896fa27935ae2061f70ab40ec194d40 .ud896fa27935ae2061f70ab40ec194d40-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud896fa27935ae2061f70ab40ec194d40:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Twelfth Night - Analysis of Malvolio in Act three, Scene four EssayIn my opinion, The last supper is a good movie, with a well-planned plot that is rather a continuous sarcastic response to certain topics such as : discrimination, the unnecessary deaths of people and intolerance. This film made me question my own tolerance of different views; it also made me think of how ,as a libertarian myself do I change the world without imposing my own views. Some minus points , from my perspective, are the repetitive scenes in the dining room of the guests and the students and the rushed through scenes that take place in the middle of the movie.

miller and Fitzgeralds essays

miller and Fitzgeralds essays The great Gatsby and Death of a salesman Miller and Fitzgerald have presented two modern day tragic figures in Death of a Salesman and The Great Gatsby. They document superbly the downfall of two men who followed the great American dream- the assumption that anyone can make their way to the top through hard work. Willy (in Death of a salesman), believes that his dream to be a success in life has been realised and in doing so lives a lie. He was rarely able to tell the truth to himself or others. Jay Gatsby (in The Great Gatsby) on the other hand believes that if he can achieve his dream i.e.: to win Daisy back, then he can wipe out the past and live again as if the past never happened. The main difference between these two characters is that at the end of Gatsbys life, he realizes his dream was flawed and that he couldnt wipe out everything from the past where as Willy never completely recognized his failings and certainly didnt attempt to overcome them. Miller chose to show Willys life in the form of a play. Miller uses multiple settings along with a mix of lighting and sound to allow Willys thoughts to transfer from the objective to the subjective views. Miller does this to show Willys reflections on significant events in his past that he would probably prefer to forget. These reflections, along with Willys ramblings leave the audience wondering about Willys state of mind and leaves them with no doubt that Willys life has been full of lies and deception. In Fitzgeralds novel The Great Gatsby, time is also used to create an effect. Nick Carraway retells the story of Jay Gatsby two years after the event. Even though Fitzgerald doesnt introduce Jay until chapter 5, Nick Carraways narration leaves the audience feeling that they know him well already. Fitzgerald encourages ...

International marketing plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International marketing plan - Assignment Example In order to expand the market target of the company with baked products, the company commenced the construction of a new bakery in 2009 in Al Kharj. The aim of the company in constructing an additional bakery was to increase the portfolio of baked products they offered to the market. In this case, the L’usine brand was adapted as a brand name for all baked products. The L’usine brand is a family-oriented brand that offers products mainly for use as consumer products. The retail industry with reference to consumer products provides both basic products and other products used in the daily family lives. In this case, the L’usine brand provides products such as bread, burger bums, sandwich rolls, and puffs among other products. The aim of the products is to offer consumers with a variety of products that can be used for breakfast and snack purposes both at the family setting and at the workplace. However, the position of the products is related to the family segment of the market. This shows that the products do not target a certain social class and therefore targets every customer while at the same time providing the hotel industry with products to offer to their customers under customized customer-dependent orders. Based on the positioning of the products, the L’usine brand is better placed as it competes with both bread and the confectionery industry companies offering customers with quick-bites (ready to consume products). The product strategy for the L’usine brand involves pricing and diversity of products. Starting with the pricing strategy, it is observed that the target market of the company allows low-prices to facilitate and increase operations’ productivity by considering economies of scale. With the market position playing a role, the pricing strategy ensures that the products sell at a low price while at the same time generating vast sales. On the other hand, the diversity strategy ensures that the

Strategic Corporate Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Strategic Corporate Finance - Essay Example Quite simply, the investors also have their own set of motivations and would only be willing to invest in a corporation’s equity or debt if it meets with their required rate of return. They may be willing to take a risk in investing in a particular firm if the returns from this are higher than that offered by US Treasury bonds with one year to maturity. Since the rate of return on these bonds are guaranteed by the US Government, they are thought to be a riskless investment, assuming that the US Government will never default on payment of the principal and interest on the due dates. Consequently in financial circles, the market rate on such US bonds is known in common parlance at the ‘risk free rate.’ The investors could put their money into such an investment and rest assured that they would earn this rate of interest without too much worry at all. Therefore in order to induce the investor to invest in the equity or debt of a particular corporation, that firm or b usiness must offer a higher rate of interest. Investors know that they can increase the return on their investment by taking a chance on more risky securities than the US Treasury bonds, but how much risk they are willing to take is an individual decision depending on the company’s past performance, its financial stability and the actions and business acumen of its management. It also depends on the sales of the company’s products and the viability of their future plans. In any event, the investor can pull out his investment by selling the shares or bonds in the open marketplace at the going rate on any business day. In the case of stocks or equity investment, he can stand to gain or lose in respect of capital gains (current price per share versus the price at which he had originally purchased them) and dividends paid out (usually stated on a per share basis as well). In the case of bonds or debt securities, he gets a fixed rate of return called interest and can also e xpect his principal repayment on the date of maturity of such instrument. Usually we find that bonds are being offered at a discount in the debt marketplace which means below their par or face value. In this case the investor also stands to gain because he pays less than the face value for these bonds but can expect their full value to be paid back on the maturity date. Determining the Cost of Equity Capital under Different Theories To summarize, from the foregoing we have seen that the investor has certain requirements which he hopes will be met by investing in more risky securities than US Treasury Bonds or risk free investments. He will most likely make a decision to invest after looking at the company’s financial performance, its history of share prices and dividend payouts in recent years. Much also depends on the sales of the company’s products and the viability of management’s future plans. However from a theoretical standpoint, we have three different th eories that seek to explain the reasoning behind an investment decision. These are (1) the Dividend Growth model; (2) the Capital Asset Pricing Model and (3) the Arbitrage Pricing Theory. Let us now look at each of these in turn. The Dividend Growth

TELEVISION COMMERCIAL ANALYSIS (Film & Television) Essay

TELEVISION COMMERCIAL ANALYSIS (Film & Television) - Essay Example Because advertisers are trying to gain the attention of their target consumer group, they work hard to depict the ideals of the society. If young and slim is attractive, they will work that into their presentation in as many ways as they can. If macho and hard is the current fashion, this, too, will be reflected in the way a product is marketed. At the same time, by changing the way they combine different types of visual clues, these same media outlets can help to redefine a culture, to make it more tolerant of ecological issues, for example, or to change the way a society views gender roles. A national advertisement for Apple computers demonstrates how commercials can even compare two comparable products while still sending a message that places particular emphasis on identity values. The commercial features two men standing in an empty white room. There are no other colors, no walls and no distractions from these two guys. One introduces himself as a Mac computer and the other introduces himself as a PC. The one claiming to be a PC is dancing, causing the Mac guy to notice his I-pod music player. This starts a conversation about how the I-pod works seamlessly with PC’s I-tunes and brings out some helpful suggestions from Mac regarding I-movie, I-photo and I-web, which all, apparently, come with Mac in a specialized package called I-life designed to make the Mac owner’s life more entertainment friendly, accessible and usable. This sets up the disparity between the two machines as PC starts listing the cool features that come in his package, including a calculator and a clock, delivered with as much pride and self-importance as he can muster. Mac provides PC with the opportunity to list more cool user-friendly features with the simple questions †Å"What have you got?† and â€Å"Anything else?† These questions are very carefully delivered in a friendly, conversational tone that eliminates

Genealogical Experiment of Fish Types

Genealogical Experiment of Fish Types David Hess Abstract: To introduce us to proteins, which truly make one organism different from another in terms of phenotype, our instructor challenged us to study the physical and proteomic traits of salmon, catfish, turbot, halibut, and yellow-fin tuna and estimate how each fish is related on the evolutionary tree. To do so, our lab group first accessed online research websites to compare the phenotypes of the different Ichthyoids. We specifically researched sizes, swim types, biological features, habitat preferences, and taxonomic names that derive from the evolutionary tree. After this, we then obtained samples of the muscle tissue in each fish, which were provided by the instructor, and then extracted the proteins from each sample. By treating the samples with sodium dodecyl sulfate and applying heat. We were able to denature the[D1] tertiary and quaternary structures of the proteins, which left the proteins long, stringy, and negatively charged. Next, we were able to separate the proteins by length a la gel electrophoresis, and compare the different proteins in the fish as we observed the different bars that appeared on the gel. After comparing both the physical traits and the proteins in each fish, we were to predict which species preceded the next according to evolution. Purpose: The purpose of this lab is to study the physical attributes and proteomics of different species of fish to determine the potential genealogical tree connecting these species Instructor/Background: Proteins often bind together, forming polypeptide chains. Some atoms on these chains are hydrophilic, while others are hydrophobic. This is due to the fact that the different r-groups (the only part of an amino acids that distinguishes it from another), may or may not form hydrogen bonds with the water molecules that they are summered in. When a hydrophobic group enters the body of water, the hydrogen bonds in the water break apart, yet cannot bind to the r group on the amino acids, so the water forms bonds with itself again around the r-group, thus pushing the r-group away due to the magnetic forces that push similarly charged atoms away from eachother. However, if a hydrophilic group is exposed to water, hydrogen bonds are formed with the r-group, pulling the r-group out of the remaining protein structure due to magnetic forces pulling the two bodies together as they are oppositely charged. These two interactions cause the protein to bundle up, making it hard to perform accurate ge l electrophoresis on. It becomes especially difficult when these proteins bind together with disulfide bonds. Heat and sodium dodecyl sulfate break apart the disulfide and hydrogen bonds. This allows us to separate the proteins in electrophoresis, which can then be compared. [A] Data/Organization [D2]of Records: The following data results from reseach using the Fishbase website to compare phenotypes between the studied fish Common Name: Salmon Scientific Fish: Oncorhynchus Keta Taxonomic Classification: Family Salmonidae (Salmonids) Order Salmoniforms (Salmons) Class Actinopterygii (Ray-Finned Fish) Size: Max Published Weight: 15.9kg Environment: Marine; Freshwater; Brackish; Benthopelagic; Anadromous Depth Range: 0-250m Biology: Inhabits Ocean and Coastal streams. Adults cease eating in freshwater. Die After Spawning. Migrating fry forms schools in estuaries, remain close to shore for a few months, and disperse and enter into the sea. Epilegic. Swim Type: Anguilliform (Moves Body and Caudal Fin) Additional Factors: Definitions of Unfamiliar Terms: Epilogic-Living in the upper zone of the ocean from just below the surface to about 100m in depth Common Name: Halibut Scientific Fish: Hippoglossus Hippoglossus Taxonomic Classification: Family Pleuronectidae (Right-Eye Flounders) Order Pleuronectiformes (Flatfish) Class Actinopterygii (Ray-finned Fish) Size: Max Recorded Length: 470.0cm Max Recorded Weight: 320.0kg Environment: Marine; Demersal Depth: 50-2000m Biology: Adults are Benthic, but occasionally Pelagic. Feeds mainly one other fishes, but also eats cephalopods, large crustaceans, and other bottom-living animals. Seriously affected by overfishing Swim Type: Anguilliform: Body and Caudal Fin Additional Factors: Dorsal Spines Definitions of Unfamiliar Terms: Benthic: Lives one the bottom of a body of water Pelagic: Lives far away from land Common Name: Catfish Scientific Fish: Neoprius Graeffei Taxonomic Classification: Family Arildae (Sea Catfishes) Order Siluriformes (Catfish) Class Actinopterygii (Ray-Finned Fishes) Size: Max Length 60.0cm Environment: Marine; Freshwater; Brackish; Demersal PH Range 7.5-8.2 Anadromous Biology: Inhibit freshwater rivers and lagoons, Brackish estuaries, coastal marine waters. Feeds on arthropods, insects, aquatic plants, mollusks, prawns, crayfish, fishes, and bottom detritus Swim Type: Anguilliform (moves body and caudal fin) Additional Factors: 1 Dorsal spine, 7 dorsal soft rays, and 15-19 soft anal spines Definitions of Unfamiliar Terms: Anadromous: Migrates from freshwater to spawn in salt-water Common Name: Yellowfin Tuna Scientific Fish: Thunaus Albacarares Taxonomic Classification: Family Scombridae (Mackerels, Tunas, Bonitos) Order Perciformes (Perch-Likes) Class Actinopterygii (Ray-Finned Fishes) Size: Max Weight: 200.0kg Max Length: 230.0cm Environment: Marine; Brackish; Pelagic-Oceanic; Oceandromous Depth Range: 1-250m Biology: Lives above and below thermoclines, Pelagic in open water, rarely seen around reefs, school by size, large fish school with porpoise, sensitive to low concentrations of oxygen, resides near ocean debris Swim Type: Anguilliform (Movements of body and/or Caudal fin) Additional Factors: 11-14 Dorsal Rays, 12-16 Dorsal soft rays,11-16 Anal Soft Rays, 39 Vertebrae Definitions of Unfamiliar Terms: Common Name: Turbot Scientific Fish: Scophthalmus Maximus Taxonomic Classification: Family Actinopterygii (Ray-Finned Fish) Order Pleuronectiformes (Flatfish) Class Actinopterygii (Ray-Finned Fish) Size: Max Published Weight: 25.0kg Environment: Marine; Brackish; Demersal; Oceandromous; Temperate Depth Range: 20-70m Biology: Live one sand, rock, or mixed bottom. Almost Circular Bottom. Eye side without scales, but instead bony tubercles. Feeds one bottom-living fishes (sand eels, gobies, etc.) and larger crustaceans and bivalves. Lives especially in Brackish Waters Swim Type: Anguilliform: Movements of body and/or caudal fin Additional Factors: Larvae are initially systematic, but after 40-50 days, the right eye moves to its left side. Definitions of Unfamiliar Terms: Oceandromous: migratory one salt-water Upon the conclusion of our lab, we obtained a gel with protein bands that looked like this: The following graph shows a standard curve based on the distance that the bars travelled and the weight of said bars: The following table describes the distances various bands of proteins moved down their wells. We would use this information to calculate the weight of these bands by comparing them to our standard curve:[D3] By using the band distances and the standard curves that we made, we were able to calculate the weight of these protein bands in Kilo Daltons: By comparing the bands on the gel, our lab group made the following tables showing which fish had certain proteins in their muscles tissue. *Each, â€Å"X† represents the presence of the mentioned protein on the left-hand side of the table in the fish This table compares the proteins located in the chart above, and shows the similarities of proteins between the species. Results: Upon the completion of the analysis of our results, we obtained the following Celptogram[D4]. We knew that Species E only shared a common protein with species B, so it needed to be on one of the ends of the Cleptogram[D5]. We also noted that species C and D shared multiple common proteins in common, so they needed to be close together on the tree. During our analysis of the proteins, our teacher identified which letter represented each fish (it had remained a blind experiment up till this point) as the following: Fish A-Salmon Fish B-Yellow fin Tuna Fish C-Halibut Fish D-Turbot Fish E-Catfish With this extra information, we were able to analyze both our results and the evolutionary tree to create the cleptogram. For example, we noticed that species C and D both had a similarity with D, so we looked at the evolutionary tree to measure whether Tuna or Halibut were closer to Salmon evolutionarily to finish our prediction. Discussion: When reviewing the data once more, we noticed some discrepancies in our cladogram compared to the evolutionary tree. For example, our Yellow-fin Tuna found its way onto the beginning of the tree, when it should have landed near the end according to the evolution tree in our packet. Otherwise, we believe this experiment [D6]was a success, as we learned about how proteins can be used to supplement genetics and give us another tool in understanding our history. This could possibly be result of contamination in the fish muscle samples, due to touching the muscles with the same pair of gloves when transferring them into the tunes for protein extraction. If we were ever to do this experiment again, we would be sure to use tweezers of another similar tool to handle the muscles. Work cited â€Å"Hydrophobic_Interactions†http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Physical_Chemistry/Physical_Properties_of_Matter/Atomic_and_Molecular_Properties/Intermolecular_Forces/Hydrophobic_interactions [D1]Include secondary here as well. Get this published! http://www.journys.org/content/procedures [D2]â€Å"Could this have been organized into a data table which contains all the fish and is still able to describe these different features of the bioinformatics? Thank you for getting the bioinformatics in here! [D3]Good connection between data sets. [D4]cladeogram [D5]? [D6]Great work! This experiment went swimmingly! Hah!

Destiny, Fate and Free Will in Homers Odyssey - Guidance and Loyalty E

Guidance, Fate, and Loyalty in The Odyssey The Odyssey is an epic poem about a journey. After the Trojan War is won Odysseus leaves Troy for his home in Ithaca. However, the gods decide to test his courage and resolve and send him on a twenty-year odyssey. Odysseus' courage is constantly tested as he struggles with the many obstacles the gods place before him. Although Homer depicted The Odyssey as a self-reliant journey, in reality the gods and other mortals guide Odysseus. It is his loyalty to and his love for his family that keeps him going. The Odyssey depicts Odysseus as he overcomes each obstacle through guidance, fate, and loyalty to his family. To Odysseus loyalty is the most important quality. He expects his family and friends to be loyal. He especially expects loyalty from his wife Penelope. Odysseus talks to Penelope disguised as an old man, "and as the snow melts on the lofty mountains, when Eurus melts what Zephryrus has scattered, and at its melting flowing rivers fill; so did her fair cheeks melt with flowing tears, as she bewailed the husband who was seated by her side" (187). Odysseus doesn't reveal himself even though he pities his sobbing wife because he knows she wouldn't be able to conceal her love for him in front of all her suitors. This touch of dramatic irony helps the reader sympathize with the struggles of Odysseus' wife. Odysseus demonstrates his loyal to Penelope during his stay with the Phaeacians. Even with Nausicaa by Odysseus' side because she likes him, he still stays loyal to Penelope. As the Phaeacian woman watch Odysseus as he starts to bathe he says, "Women, stand here aside, while by myself I wash the salt from off my back... ... in the sunlight he is. Odysseus is guided by the Phaeacians as he sleeps and due to his sleep misses important elements. Since Odysseus is asleep a sense of dramatic irony is shown because the reader knows something that the Odysseus doesn't. Homer's epic poem The Odyssey tells the tales of Odysseus, a man who has an epic journey through life. He overcomes the struggles and conflicts of life through three main elements: loyalty to and from his family, fate, and guidance. Loyalty to his family and from his family helps him long to make it home. The gods determine his fate and by overcoming the struggles and conflicts of life he is able to fulfill his fate. Lastly guidance by the immortals and mortals helped Odysseus eventually make it home to Ithaca. Odysseus' tale is one that covers only a portion of his life, but seems like a lifetime.

“The impact of visitors is damaging the environment of Epping Forest

â€Å"The impact of visitors is damaging the environment of Epping Forest.† I am going to investigate throughout this coursework, if this hypothesis is true. I will do this by using the three key questions stated below: 1. What are the effects of visitors on Epping Forest? 2. How is the forest being managed, and what are the effects of this management? 3. How successful have the management strategies been in protecting the forest from the impact of visitors? * Epping Forest is on the urban rural fringe of South East of London, in England. There is a main road going through Epping Forest on the A104 and on the m25. You can drive through on the A104 on Wan stead or the m11 from Woodford and you can also catch the train from there. (The map above is taken from the website of Epping Forest (www.eppingforest.co.uk). Before 1878, they used the forest to bury dead people, timber, farming, hunting, visiting and camping. They also used to cut the trees every fifteen years to make them grow bigger and healthier. (Trees are still being cut nowadays) There are two ways of cutting the trees: Copping and Pollarding. Copping The above diagram shows: that the tree was cut from the bottom so that it can provide more stems and so it looks bigger. Pollarding The above diagram shows that the tree was cut from the top, so it can provide more stems and looks much bigger. The day we went was very wet, therefore it was very muddy as well as very cold. The view was beautiful, but the atmosphere felt a bit eerie to me after being told to be careful of falling trees! We were told that the trees were falling because they were getting too old. Fishing, running, bike riding and feeding ducks (a great entertainment for little kids) is what attracts visitors most to Epping Forest. The forest is used for recreation by people walking, admiring the beauty of nature, by going to the pubs, riding horses, having picnics out in the sun and watching the fantastic firework display (in October). On the day we went to the forest, we carried out a number of surveys (the surveys were carried out for us to find out more about Epping Forest). They were: * Conversation and recreation * Management of the Epping Forest * Evaluation of public pressure impact * People and car counts Conservation and recreation survey; It was a bout recording the percentage of the species. We had to record the tallest plant in (cm). We also had to use the Epping Forest's Tramping scale, to score a value between (1-6) for each quadrat. Management of the Epping Forest survey; For the management, we had to record the recreations scores and the environment scores using the numbers (3, 2, 1, 0,-1,-2,-3) for Pillow Mounds and Robin Hood Green. Evaluation of public pressure for impact survey; It was about the feature of trees (how well or bad they looked), we had to circle these numbers (3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3) if it was positive or negative, we had to use these numbers for Pillow Mounds and Robin Hood Green. People and car counts survey; We had to count how many cars, lorries and vans go into Epping Forest as well as leaving it. Using my own research, I will be able to find out the answers to my 3 key questions. To do that I will be using text books in the school library, central library, the internet and by seeking information from my teacher as well our surveys that we did when we went to Epping Forest Key Question 1 – â€Å"What are the effects of visitors on Epping Forest?† Visitors to Epping Forest Centre 1995. The highest amount of people that visited Epping Forest were 4023 in October 1878, this was because they visited throughout the summer and autumn, people went to pubs, ride horses, had picnics and watch the fantastic fire work display (in October). The least amount of visitors that visited Epping Forest were 739 people in December because, it was winter. The view was beautiful but the atmosphere was very cold. The effects of visitors on Epping Forrest Variety of Vegetation cover. (Quadrat survey) The divided bar graphs show that Robin Hood Green has a greater variety of vegetation cover than Pillow Mounds. Pillow Mounds however has fine grass and more bare ground, than Robin Hood Green. This could be the reason for the vegetation differences. At Robin Hood Green there is less fine grass (49%) and more broad leaf grass (24%). The remaining area has bracken (1%), mass (6%), leaf litter (4%) bare ground (16%) and young tree (1%). There is a lot fine grass at Pillow Mounds, because it is more resistant to tramping. Broad leaf grass dies more easily with tramping, but it is allowed to flourish at Robin Hood Green where less people go. Public pressure evaluation survey Robin Hood Green Pillow Mounds The two bar graphs show that in both Robin Hood Green and Pillow Mounds natural features look beautiful. In Robin Hood Green there is not a lot of surface erosion, this is because there are few litter bins. The air pollution is clean. There is a lot of traffic. It is not noisy because, there are a few people. Also a lot of developments are taking place. In Pillow Mound there is erosion. The air pollution is clean, not a lot of traffic and there is also a huge amount of noise and people around. Few developments are also taking place. Tallest plants Robin Hood Green Pillow Mounds I had found out the two tallest plants in Robin Hood Green and Pillow Mounds while I was doing my variety of vegetation cover one of them was 20cm and the other one 30 cm. Key question2- â€Å"How is the forest being managed and what are the effects of this management?† It is important to manage the Epping Forest by the wooden pillars that are put up on the road side. This is very good because it will stop the cars from riding on the vegetation and damage the forest. In Robin Hood Green and Pillow Mounds there are bridle ways and hard surface paths, which is also very good so we do not damage the forest by walking on its vegetation. There are signs in Robin Hood Green and Pillow Mounds which shows information about whish direction to take. There are logs topers to stop cyclists because, cyclists damage the vegetation and fritting the horses. The gates that were surrounding the visitor's center were put there to make the visitor's center look beautiful. Robin Hood Green recreation score Pillow Mounds recreation score These two graphs show Robin Hood Green and Pillow Mounds Recreation score of the management. As I can see there are not a lot of people who park their cars on the road or through the forest this is because, there are ditches next to the park so cars can not go through the forest. There is a lot of litter bins in Pillow Mounds but there are a few in Robin Hood Green this is because they want to decorate the forest with less bins â€Å"I find that less litter bins are not good for the environment, because litter bins can get full easily and if someone wants to throw rubbish in it will fall on the ground; creating more rubbish.† There are by-law signs, so people know what is going on in the forest. There are horse riders in Pillow Mounds and Robin Hood Green which also damages the forest. That is because the horses walk into vegetation and also make erosion. The fences were put in Robin Hood Green and Pillow mounds because it would help the cattles to survive. The tea huts in Robin Hood Green and Pillow Mounds are coloured green. This has a very good effect on the visitors, by making them feel that even if they go and have a cup of tea, they are still in the forest. It looks very good; as if the tea huts are trees or plants that were not known before just because of its colours. There is an information center, where visitors can ask and find out any help which they might need. Footpaths are there so we can walk on them instead of tramping on the vegetation. There are also toilets to execrate waste because if we use the forest as toilets, by then the forest will be damaged. Robin Hood Green Environment score Pillow Mounds Environment score These two graphs show Robin Hood Green and Pillow Mound environment score of the management. As I can see most of the people park their cars on the road. There are ditches next to the car park so that the cars can go through the forest. There are litter bins to put litter in. People can find by-law signs, if they want to know what is going on in the forest. Horse riders step on vegetation and damage the forest. Fencing next to car park are there to stop cars going on the grass and through the forest. The tea huts are in Robin Hood Green and Pillow Mounds so people can have tea. The information center is in the Epping Forest for visitors to get information about the forest. Footpaths are there so we can walk on them. There are toilets so we can execrate waste. Key question3:How successful have the management strategies been in protecting the forest from the impact of visitors? The best examples of the environment that had worked best were; * Ditches next to the park because, it will stop the cars going through the forest and damage the vegetation. * The forest information center is for visitors who want to know more information about the Epping Forest. * Tea huts are for people who want to drink tea, and have some free time. * Footpaths are there so we can walk on them instead of tramping on the vegetation. The area of the forest that has been damaged is Pillow Mounds which I think was done on purpose so more people are attracted to Robin Hood Green. The way I found out this was because I did a soil compaction and the results were that Pillow Mounds is more damaged than Robin Hood Green Soil compaction Robin Hood Green Pillow Mounds I had to do soil compaction in Robin Hood green and Pillow mounds. The diagram above shows the heist soil compaction in Robin Hood Green and Pillow Mounds in centimeters. Conclusion The Hypothesis was the impact of visitors which damages the environment of Epping Forest. 1. What are the effects of visitors on Epping Forest? The effects of visitors is damaging the environment 2. How is the forest being managed, and what are the effects of this management? The forest is being managed by running pubs and running tea huts, so that more money is provided. 3. How successful have the management strategies been in protecting the forest from the impact of visitors? They have been very successful. Agree or disagree? I do fully agree with the hypothesis, the impact of visitors on Epping Forest does damage the environment, in many numbers of ways (which I have included in my answers for the key questions which I have used). The forest is now being well managed, so the environment of Epping Forest is under safe hands. Evaluation My first survey was about Public pressure impact we had to use a worksheet and a pen. The equipment that we used were a quadrat 2*30tape. My second survey was the management of Epping Forest; we used a work sheet and a pen, which we used to fill our options in. My third survey public pressure impact, we used the work sheet and the pen, and we had to fill in our opinions. It was raining our worksheet got wet, so we had to hide it from the rain. My results might differ from those results which are obtained at a different time of the day, or at a different time of the year; this is because different people are found at different times. We can try and make the results as fair as possible, by going to Epping Forest once a week or once a month, our overall average results differ from our own results because using a quadrat makes it slightly different. For example; I might put the quadrat slightly in a different place or in a different way. To get a clear idea about the forest, we can stay there for more time and find out more research about the forest or we can ask many people who work there or visits. The part where my work went very well in was the public pressure impact survey and management of Epping Forest because we had to use our own opinions. I will make the forest better if I had more time and more people helping me, by building hotels out of wood which is from the Epping forest trees, so the colour of the hotel is suited to the forest, this might have a great effect on the visitors; because they would feel as if they are in a very different place where everything looks a lot alike. Key question3:How successful have the management strategies been in protecting the forest from the impact of visitors? The best examples of the environment that had worked best were; * Ditches next to the park because, it will stop the cars going through the forest and damage the vegetation. * The forest information center is for visitors who want to know more information about the Epping Forest. * Tea huts are for people who want to drink tea, and have some free time. * Footpaths are there so we can walk on them instead of tramping on the vegetation. The area of the forest that has been damaged is Pillow Mounds which I think was done on purpose so more people are attracted to Robin Hood Green. The way I found out this was because I did a soil compaction and the results were that Pillow Mounds is more damaged than Robin Hood Green. Soil compaction Robin Hood Green Pillow Mounds I had to do soil compaction in Robin Hood green and Pillow mounds. The diagram above shows the heist soil compaction in Robin Hood Green and Pillow Mounds in centimeters. Conclusion The Hypothesis was: †The impact of visitors is damaging the environment of Epping Forest.† 4. What are the effects of visitors on Epping Forest? The effects of visitors is damaging the environment 5. How is the forest being managed, and what are the effects of this management? The forest is being managed by running pubs and running tea huts, so that more money is provided. 6. How successful have the management strategies been in protecting the forest from the impact of visitors? They have been very successful. A lot of developments took place. Agree or disagree? I do fully agree with the hypothesis, the impact of visitors on Epping Forest does damage the environment, in many numbers of ways (which I have included in my answers for the key questions which I have used). The forest is now being well managed, so the environment of Epping Forest is under safe hands. Evaluation My first survey was about Public pressure impact we had to use a worksheet and a pen. The equipment that we used were a quadrat 2*30tape. My second survey was the management of Epping Forest; we used a work sheet and a pen, which we used to fill our options in. My third survey public pressure impact, we used the work sheet and the pen, and we had to fill in our opinions. It was raining our worksheet got wet, so we had to hide it from the rain. My results might differ from those results which are obtained at a different time of the day, or at a different time of the year; this is because different people are found at different times. We can try and make the results as fair as possible, by going to Epping Forest once a week or once a month, our overall average results differ from our own results because using a quadrat makes it slightly different. For example; I might put the quadrat slightly in a different place or in a different way. To get a clear idea about the forest, we can stay there for more time and find out more research about the forest or we can ask many people who work there or visits. We can also just observe the people there; where they put the rubbish, where they walk and all sorts of questions. The part where my work went very well in was the public pressure impact survey and management of Epping Forest because we had to use our own opinions. I will make the forest better if I had more time and more people helping me, by building hotels out of wood which is from the Epping forest trees, so the colour of the hotel is suited to the forest, this might have a great effect on the visitors; because they would feel as if they are in a very different place where everything looks a lot alike.

West Side Story Essays - Music Technology, Sound Recording

West Side Story Essays - Music Technology, Sound Recording West Side Story West Side Story West Side Story was one of the best plays that Kean has put on that I have seen. This play just happens to be one of my favorite movies that I have watched over and over again. I basically memerized all the scenes and songs. But of coarse the play has to be shorter then the movie, so certain things had to be cut out and changed a little bit. For example when the song America is sung in the movie, the guys and girls are going against each other, but in the play it was just girls singing to each other. I think the people chosen for the play perfectly fit their characters. The only person I thought that needed a little bit more work on his acting was the guy who played Tony, Shayne Austin. Shayne has a great singing voice, but his acting seemed a tad bit rusty if you ask me. Over all everyone else seemed to be perfect for his or her parts. The play was very upbeat and exciting. There were times you laughed and times you cried. You always wanted to know what was going to happen next. Was there going to be a fight? Was someone going to die? Since the stage is so small not that many props could be used. The props that they did have were good. The fence symbolizied the playground, sowing machine showed the shop Maria worked in, the bed symbolized Marias room, and the register showed the soda shop. All very good considering the size of the stage. Overall I think that this performance was extremely successful. It got the point across that it doesnt matter what race you are. You should put your differences aside and get to know people. And thats exactly how I feel about life. That everyone should get to know people before they judge them. People need to stop stereo typing others. For example: your Spanish so all you eat is rice and beans, your black so you rob people, and your white so you think your better then everyone else of a different race. All those stereo types are wrong and need to be change and I think this play shows that.

How to Write a Splendid Reflective Essay English 101 Basic Rules

How to Write a Splendid Reflective Essay English 101 Basic Rules A reflective essay is one of the papers a freshman should expect to be saddled with when studying a college English 101 course. To get the best score, you must first have an understanding of writing a basic English 101 essay. Before we get into the details, it is important for you to understand what a reflective essay in English 101 is all about. So here is a definition: a reflective essay is a piece of writing in which a student share his or her experiences either directly or indirectly with an intended audience. A reflective essay can also be used to shed light on some of the personal challenges you have come across. So how should a student go about writing an English 101 final exam essay? By sticking to the basics. Select a Catchy Topic The first step to writing about anything is coming up with your subject matter. To come up with English 101 essay topics for a subject such as international students and their migration experiences, you would need to dig deep to remember your own experiences as an exchange student or work with other people’s experiences. Once you have your topic figured out, you are ready to go. E.g. Weak topic: How I Moved to U.S. and Entered College Catchy topic: Unexpected Obstacles on My Way to the US College Nobody Mentioned Online Draft an Extended Outline Once your subject matter or topic has been chosen, the next step is to create an English 101 essay outline which takes into consideration the facts to be discussed. The best outline will definitely include how you intend to introduce your topic, the statistics to be included in your essay’s body and how you intend to conclude your essay. Use Captivating Introductions You will be writing a reflective essay on experiences; therefore, an introductory message that sets the tone on what led to that experience should be used. This gives the reader a sneak peek into what you intend to discuss while developing the body of English 101 essay assignment. When writing an essay on the international student’s migration, you can choose to discuss how difficult the experience is to individuals visiting and staying in a country for the first time. The introduction should touch on how gaining your admission gave you a joy that turned a bit sour in the end. E.g. Weak intro: Everyone knows, that moving to another country is difficult. It was difficult for me too. I expected it would be easier, but it wasn’t. Captivating intro: When President Trump claimed that Muslims cannot really assimilate in the U.S. I felt it as a personal challenge. Personalize the Content in the Body A reflective essay is about an individual’s experience or people’s experiences, therefore, the body of the essay has to evoke some emotions. The best way to get your reader to react is sharing personal experiences or facts that highlight why something was troubling, interesting or fun for you. You can also get started by writing an English 101 sample essay to help you arrange your thoughts. Finish with a Coherent Conclusion Every educational essay must have a conclusion and if you go through English 101 essay samples, you will know this is true. Therefore, include a conclusive statement that highlights how this experience changed you or its effects on the people it affects. So there you have it. The basic rules you need to follow when writing a reflection paper. E.g. Weak conclusion: It was a great experience for me and I am glad to share it with others. Strong conclusion: Despite [limitations, obstacles], this experience has changed me [in this and this way]. Welcome to college. Ensure that you soak in the environment and the knowledge that comes your way for it has a part to play in your future success.

Business,society and policy Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business,society and policy - Case Study Example This report is concerning the business perspective of Panther Sports, who have outsourced the soccer balls manufacturing in Pakistan, and are now faced with an ethical problem that is putting their sales, credibility and stronghold in the Asian sports market at jeopardy.Panther Sports, after a decline in its sales due to increasing economic pressure and limited manufacturing schemes, decided to follow the example of other companies in outsourcing the manufacturing market in the developing countries where labor intensive jobs are cheaply done. This would ensure that the product is made on the same quality and standards as those made through domestic manufacturing, but the cost of production would be considerably cut. Outsourcing in the Asian countries would also open the doors to Asian market to them where they had a good chance of developing their stronghold. Hence, they developed their soccer manufacturing market in Pakistan, and contracted with Faisal Sports in Sialkot. However, in this region, that is India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, there have been extensive cases of child labor. Faisal Sports was discovered to be involved in this act, and so Panther Sports terminated its contract with this contractor. Given the nature and gravity of this illegal act, Panther Sports is at risk of losing its future consumers, and its hold in the Asian Market.... of Panther sports in this conflict, and recommendations can be given to solve this problem, the business perspective has to studied. This involves discussing the structure and infrastructure of multinational companies, their responsibilities and duties as set by many codes and instructions by authorities, the methods of their operations concerning outsourcing in other countries, a look at the stakeholders theory and the risks that Panther Sports runs. Business organizations and companies are viewed as independent entities and virtual citizens of a state. These organizations are held independent of their staff, and hence, the staff, on any level, will not be charged of any crime if the organization fails to fulfill its duties or violates any code of conduct. The organization itself will face the consequences, and the owners themselves will not be held responsible. Whereas the companies are not entitled to solve every problem faced by the communities in which they have their plants, they are demanded to make sure that any issues created as a direct or indirect influence of the company, whether primary or secondary, be solved by that company, and that their business procedures do not violate the norms of business ethics and the standard set regulations (Freeman 2002). When companies outsource their manufacturing business in other countries, they, though still holding the right to the name and label of the company, do not own the factories and industries locally set

Undecided Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Undecided - Essay Example EPA has a responsibility of enforcing the environmental laws that aim at protecting human health and the environment. The second issue was gross poisoning and environmental discomfort caused by the ill smelling of polluted water by the accused companies’ effluents. In May 1982, Jan Schlictmann’s law firm filed compensation case against the responsible companies for willful and carelessness in poisoning the town’s water supply. Grace and Beatrice Corporation, food-manufacturing companies claimed responsibility for the contamination, associated deaths and sufferings that the locals underwent (Tisdale 32: 50). However, a court process was necessary to determine the extent and guilt in the companies involved. The civil settlement is essential to the facilitation of the cleanup and corrective measures meant to restore the fit nature of the environment. The plaintiff presented a complaint to the court and served the accused corporations with a copy of the complaint. Prior to the case filing, the plaintiff secured substantial evidences from the site before any form of interference attempt by the accused. Substantial evidence helps in demonstrating and proving to a court the sufficient link between the corporations accused and the pollution and associated deaths. The plaintiff and their lawyers reported to the EPA, a state agency who enjoined to prove the credibility of the evidences after conducting their individual assessments prior. A clerk appeared and provided evidence of the W.R. Grace plant attempting to cover up the toxic dumping. The substantial evidence offered compelled the court to drop Beatrice from the case and directing Grace Plant to cover $ 8 million settling cost. The $8 million cost meant to facilitate the cleanup and corrective measures for the local community that filed the complaint. The settlement leads to cont ent and peaceful coexistence between the locals

An individual report which debates a contemporary issue in E-Business Case Study

An individual report which debates a contemporary issue in E-Business - Case Study Example Moreover, the case studies that will be utilized will be that of the 2013 annual reports from Yahoo, Google, and Microsoft. By analyzing these recent annual reports, it is the hope of this particular student that the reader will be able to gain a level of inference concerning how security issues and legal issues are represented within these and serve to define the approach to the market that these companies are taking. Rather than these two particular issues serving as considerations for the way in which business is conducted within three of the largest tech companies within the United States, is the understanding of this particular analyst that these see concerns are so intrinsically important that they are not only represented as focus point for business development but serve as a fundamental definition for how these companies engage with the market and develop their current and existing, as well as future, strategies for continuing to remain profitable. As one of the most profitable and successful pioneers of the computer operating system, Microsoft has long placed a high emphasis on the importance of security and dedicated entire teams and departments towards ensuring that this particular goal is accomplished (Dvorak, 2012). However, as with many companies, the failures of Microsoft to ensure a completely and entirely secure experience for its users, and the lapses in overall security that have come to be tabloid sensations over the past several decades, has created a difficult situation for Microsoft as it seeks to transition towards a new dynamic for engaging profitability. As the annual report of 2013 for the Microsoft Corporation indicates, the company is deliberately shifting towards a more service oriented approach to the market (Foley, 2012). This does not indicate that Microsoft windows or other long time/profitable engagements will cease to exist; however, the means by which the user engages

A Brief Survey and Analysis on Procrastination Among Undergrads Essay Example for Free

A Brief Survey and Analysis on Procrastination Among Undergrads Essay In this survey, we developed a set of questions asking students in the unit of a dormitory. We asked individual students to assess their degree of procrastination, the specific occasions when they have significant sign of procrastination and their difficulties in solving the problem. We then asked them to think about one of two occasions when they were highly productive in order to see and compare what serves for and against their procrastination. Then, choosing the dormitory as a whole sample, we asked students to name one of them who is most productive generally, and asked them if they’ve noticed the difference and invited them to figure out the reason for this difference in productivity. In this way, we have managed to attain a number of individual samples to analyze their procrastination as well as group samples from which we may conclude the peer influences in this group of students. Results Based on the various results of individual survey, we have selected and categorized several typical cases presented in the form of case study as follows. Case 1: Procrastination with Trivial Things In one of the dormitory we carried out the survey, a student lost his key but just refused to get another one. Instead, he phones his roommates to open the door for him when he can’t enter, causing much trouble to his roommates. Another student we surveyed was said to have kept his dirty cloths for ages and not want to wash them simply because of the cold weather. Everyone may be reluctant with specific tasks for various reasons, especially boring and time-consuming work such as laundry. Case 2: A Whole Night in Dormitory without Finishing Homework Many of the students we surveyed mentioned their low-productivity in the dormitory. Often is the case when students find the clock ticks time away without awareness of what they have just done. In this case, distraction in dormitories plays an important role in students’ procrastination. With roommates playing games, listening to music or simply just walking around, it calls for great effort to stay focused. And it is even worse when there is work to be done on the computer with access to the Internet, as there is much more distraction online such as games, videos, IMs and SNS, which can easily attracts students from what they should be doing. Case 3: Perfectionism Perfectionism is another classical cause for procrastination. Students who want to have a perfect outcome often turn out to find nowhere to start, fearing that they would screw things up. Being back and forth with the project ahead may also lower his self-esteem and then possibly put him into a vicious circle of low self-esteem-caused procrastination. Case 4: Endless Entertainment No matter if it’s Sitcoms, SNS or computer games, many students have at least one type of entertainment from which they can tear away from. Many students surveyed mentioned the very typical scenario when they tell themselves to start working by six but still enjoying the â€Å"last† episode or round hours later. With more and more distraction and entertainment around, students show much more difficulty to stay focused without external control. Case 5: Vicious Circle From what we have learned from the survey, it is rather easy to fall into a vicious circle because of procrastination, which in turn worsens one’s procrastination. Many students will feel depressed and low mood because they’ve left too much of tasks behind and therefore cannot focus, suffer low-productivity, thus undermining their self-esteem and making it harder to accomplish the tasks next time. Case 6: Wrong Reward Many experts suggest setting a period of time for oneself when he or she focuses the tasks at hand. Then reward him or herself for having concentrated during this period. This may serve to build up one’s self-esteem and concentration with the time period set longer and longer. But there are cases in which the rewards are too appealing (for example one’s favorite game) that students either hurry to finish the task simply to enjoy the reward with poor quality or get stuck with the reward and keep excusing himself for extending the time, which holds up later schedule and puts him back to procrastination. Case 7: Enjoying the Last-Minute-Accomplishment Some of the students surveyed admitted that after accomplishing their tasks right before the deadline for several of times, they become fond of this kind of schedule and planning. These students often achieve extraordinarily high productivity during the last minutes with results turning out to be not bad. Students therefore become dependent on this external driving force and used to completing tasks in the last-minute. General Analysis In the cases described above, we can see that lack of self-control is a very dominant cause for procrastination. How well can a person resist his temptation, control his entertainment and avoid distraction largely affects his degree of procrastination. There are also certain psychological mechanisms contributive to one’s procrastination. Noticeably, these many of the causes mentioned above are inter-connected, meaning there’s hardly an easy one-way solution to procrastination. Discussion From the specific cases mentioned above, we can already spot some of the causes for procrastination. Furthermore, these causes are often also related. We will first further discuss the different causes for procrastination in this section and then specially analyze the peer influences in the scope of procrastination. Peer Influences on Procrastination From the group samples we’ve collected in the survey, we analyzed the cases when students become either more or less productive because of their peer and concluded three major types of peer influence on procrastination. Competition In one of the dormitories we’ve surveyed, one student who completes tasks much faster than his roommates has been nominated as the most productive and executive. When asked about his productivity, he attributed it to his competition with his high school classmate. Another student also mentioned what he heard form friend in Qinghua University where students in a dormitory are highly competitive and look up to the best and fastest, which creates an atmosphere of positive competition driving each one to speed up and work hard. We believe that competition is one of the most effective external driving forces apart from the looming deadline itself. Though there isn’t necessarily a competitive atmosphere, it is not very hard to look for a peer to compete with so as to urge and encourage each other. Peer Reference Peer reference here indicates the psychology when one looks on his peer to excuse himself from not working. Many people may have this kind of voice echoing in the mind: â€Å"It’s OK. Nick hasn’t started yet. Leave it some other day!† What’s worse, some students admitted that in order to keep this excuse valid, they often do not urge the other one to start working purposely but join in him dragging the to-do list instead. We believe that this overlooking and following of peer procrastination is due to lack of . And this crowd psychology in many cases contributes to the atmosphere of procrastination. On the other hand, it is rather crucial for the one with higher productivity to actively urge and influence his peers to prevent procrastination as a â€Å"shepherd†. Peer Pressure Throughout our survey, some students with low productivity turn out to be surprisingly efficient in team work, because they feel compelled to fulfill their share of responsibility in a team working on a same goal otherwise they will hold up the whole schedule. Therefore, it is crucial for team leaders to set a common goal and emphasize the importance of every individual’s work. However, this peer influence doesn’t always work as there are always irresponsible people in a team. Summary From the interconnected influences discussed above, peers do have certain influence on procrastination, either positively or negatively. When one wants to drag things on, others’ procrastination can be a good justification. However, it appears a little harder to impose positive influences on procrastination as it calls for certain mechanism, i.e. competition, peer urging or team cooperation. And the conclusion can be safely drawn that when there are more mechanisms functioning, individuals are easier to prevent his or her procrastination with the assistance of his peers. Therefore, apart from one’s own effort, actively seeking positive peer influence is also a good solution. Recommendations True as it is that solving procrastination needs multiple methods, we will elaborate our recommendations in a separate way so that students with different types of procrastination can find the suitable solution for his particular case more easily. While the methods are many, the philosophy behind is simple: actively seeking external influence. And specific methods are elaborated as follows. Avoid Distraction/Disturbance For students finding it hard to concentrate and work effectively, we recommend they go to the library, classrooms or other quiet places for serious business. One may also turn off the cell phones to further avoid any distraction or disturbance. For those who find themselves often wasting hours on games (either computer games like DotA or video games on little gadgets like Angry Birds) or surfing, it is also a good idea to go somewhere else to work or study, leaving anything that can distract you back in the dormitory or locked up. Peer Influence As discussed earlier, peer influence does play certain roles in the scope of procrastination. So to find a right peer who pushes you to work hard or poses challenge as a competitor is also a solution to procrastination. Or maybe, as some researchers suggest, pre-commitment supervised by peers is also a good idea. You can simply post on your SNS sites that you will finish your thesis in a week or not visiting renren.com for 5 days and encourage your friends to see if you make it. Technical Assistance Sometimes you have to use the computer or the Internet to do some research or write an essay when you cannot leave them away. How to avoid the temptations to click on the button? There are certain applications or extensions that help you control your time. For example, stayfocused is a Google Chrome browser extension which limit your visit to certain sites such as Facebook (well, the GFW has already done the favor), renren.com or tudoou.com etc which can easily suck hours out of your schedule. Once you set the time limit, you cannot change it that day. And if you try to change the limit when the allowed time is running out? Small windows will keep popping up to ask you if you’re sure to change the limit and not cheating. And even link to an article on procrastination as you finally clicked â€Å"yes†. This is just one example of the use of technology on the fight against procrastination.

Web Filters are Not the Solution Essay -- Critical Thinking Essays

Web Filters are Not the Solution The scene is perfectly clear in my mind. Twelve years old and just home from an overnight stay with a friend, I walked in the door with a Sex Pistols patch on my backpack, a clip-on earring in my ear, and a cherry Kool-Aid dye job. The initial looks of shock and horror on the faces of my parents were priceless - that is until they opened their mouths. I was grounded for a month, forbidden to stay overnight at any friends house for the rest of the year, and told that any music I bought would have to be screened by my parents first. In the age of the Apple IIe and long before MP3s ever existed, my parents knew - or at least believed - that such a policy would give them control over what music I heard. They were wrong. Adolescents, by nature, are resourceful and cunning, and I was no exception. Within days, I had arranged an elaborate system of shadow purchases and smuggling to ensure that the punk rock well from which I had started drinking would never run dry. To be certain, todays determined parent wou...

Mcdonalds – Tnc

McDonald's – the 90th largest economy in the world – feeds about 1 percent of the world's population a day. That's 68 million people! It hires more than 1 million workers In the US per year and Is the world's largest toy distributed. McDonald's also created the Ronald McDonald House charity, which houses more than 6000 families a year in Australia alone. However, this Illinois-based company is undeniably threatening the ‘global village'. It is doing so in a lot of ways, including the damage it inflicts to the environment, its exploitation of foreign and domestic labor and its active impacts on traditional cultures.In this seminar, I will be analyzing different pictures that support my argument that McDonald's Is directly destroying the global village. I think that through the Impacts It has upon the environment In which we live, McDonald's is directly destroying the global village. As a large company, McDonald's needs a lot of resources to fuel its growth. For exa mple, Americans alone consume over 1 billion pounds of beef at McDonald's every year. A cow produces 250 ml of methane per day on average. Think of how much methane is created by the sows needed to produce 1 billion pounds of beef!McDonald's has also been accused by Greenback of feeding Its chickens with soybeans grown on farms In the Amazon rainforest's. These soybean farms are cleared Illegally. Leading to mass deforestation In the Amazon. By doing this, McDonald's not only encourages illegal traders in the Amazon, but also sends a worldwide message that deforestation is a viable option that can lead to contracts selling produce to McDonald's. Encouraging excessive methane production and deforestation are Just a few of the ways in which McDonald's helps to destroy the environment.McDonald's also negatively affects the global village by exploiting members of the workforce. This Is done through the misuse of domestic and foreign labor. McDonald's has always been the target of accusa tions that they exploit teenage labor, paying them wages that are too low to be readily lived upon. These reduced rates can be seen in this table. But most recently McDonald's has tried to tackle these accusations head on by releasing an example budget for someone who works for the company. From the start this budget was flawed, as you can see here, the employee would have to work two Jobs to survive.This fact shows that an employee could not be sustained on a McDonald's wage. Secondly, McDonald's cited that health cover costs $20. This is not the case, for that amount you would be likely only to get say, ambulance cover. Thirdly, try spending only $25 a day on Just food, let alone drinks, clothes and other necessities. This budget on its own, is certain evidence that you would not be able to live on a McDonald's wage. In extreme cases some people have had to choose between paying bills and eating food.This exploitation of cheap labor is another reason why I think McDonald's Is cont ributing too diminished global village. McDonald's Is also destroying the global village by abolishing various cultures from around the world. As seen in the picture here, McDonald's is intervening with traditional culture, replacing traditional pastimes, like food-preparation and consumption, with an internationalists product. Often in these traditional cultures, things like food can be tied up with rituals, so food is linked to their cultural heritage.By replacing chance to pass on their cultural stories through food. However some people in other parts of the world have realized that this tragic loss of culture is occurring. For example, the people of a small town east of Melbourne called Tacoma has recently protested against there being a McDonald's built in the town. 80 000 people thus far have signed a petition demanding that a McDonald's franchise not be installed in their town. The fact that the company destroys culture and that people are realizing it is another reason that McDonald's is destroying the global village.

Concept of Kinship in Africa Essay

The subject of â€Å"traditional family patterns in Africa† is so broad that it cannot be adequately addressed by many scholars. The cultural and physical diversity added with the dramatic social changes of the last three decades on the continent makes the family pattern situation so variegated as to defy any sweeping generalizations. This difficulty in generalization bone of diversity was already apparent to many early scholars of the African traditional family. This essay will briefly explore traditional African family patterns explaining the concept of kinship in Africa, the differences and similarities between patrilineal and matrilineal families systems. Kinship is the web of relationships woven by family and marriage. Traditional relations of kinship have affected the lives of African people and ethnic groups by determining what land they could farm, whom they could marry, and their status in their communities. Although different cultures have recognized various kinds of kinship, traditional kinship generally means much more than blood ties of a family or household. It includes a network of responsibilities, privileges, and support in which individuals and families are expected to fill certain roles. In modern Africa social and economic changes have begun to loosen the ties of traditional kinship, especially in the cities. But these ties still play a large part in the everyday lives of many Africans (coser: 1974). The basis of kinship, in Africa as elsewhere, is descent from an ancestor. The most widespread descent group is known as the clan, which can be either patrilineal or matrilineal. The members of the former type of clan comprise all those who are born from a single founding ancestor through the male line only; those of the latter comprise all those born from a single founding ancestor or ancestress through the female line only. Patriliny is far more common in Africa than matriliny, which is limited mainly to parts of Zambia and Malawi, in central Africa, and to Ghana and Ivory Coast, in western Africa. Regardless of the means of descent, authority in the family and elsewhere is always formally held by men; therefore, men have domestic authority in both patrilineal and matrilineal families (formal matriarchy is unknown in Africa). Clans, which are rarely corporate units in Africa, are clusters of kin who claim a single common ancestry but can rarely, if ever, trace the actual links of descent. Usually clans are exogamous units and may recognize various ritual prohibitions, such as taboos on certain foods, which give them a sense of unity and of distinctiveness from others (Bell & Vogel: 1960). According to stephens (1982) Clans are typically segmented into constituent groups, with each group recognizing a founding ancestor more recent than the clan founder; these are known in the literature as lineages, one of the criteria for a lineage being that its members—patrilineal or matrilineal—can trace actual kinship links between themselves. Lineages may themselves be segmented into smaller units, the smallest typically being the group around which a domestic family is established. Such a family (if patrilineal) includes the husband and his children, all members of the small lineage, and his wife, who by the rule of exogamy must come from another clan Almost every African society has some form of descent group, however transitory, as the basis of its social organization. The recognition of these variations of ancestral descent is an effective way of constructing local groups that can last for several—often for many—generations and in which the close-knit ties of kinship provide powerful links through the notion of common â€Å"blood. By claiming exclusive ancestry, such a group can claim exclusive rights to clan and lineage property. Marriages between their members, by the rule of exogamy, cement them into larger communities and societies, each possessing its own sense of common ethnic and cultural â€Å"belonging. † Although these traditional forms of family and kinship are lessening in importance, with the continuing need for urban and industrialized labor and the consequent increase in labor migration, the strength of kin groups remains great. They are well suited to traditional forms of production and exchange where these are found (which is still the case among the majority of African peoples), and they provide a sense of personal identity and security that is of high emotive value (Bell & Vogel: 1960). Kinship and marriage are closely linked in several ways. On one level, kinship rules may determine marriage partners. In this respect, North African and sub-Saharan societies differ widely. North African peoples encourage marriage within a group, often a kinship group. Traditionally, the ideal marriage is between cousins, including the children of two brothers. Among the Bedouin, for example, a boy has the right to marry his father’s brother’s daughter. Although she can refuse the cousin’s proposal, she needs his permission to marry someone else (Barnes: 1951). Most lineage groups in sub-Saharan Africa, in contrast, favor marriage outside the group. As a result, kinship is not limited strictly to lineage. An individual has important ties with two different kin groups, the mother’s and the father’s. Such ties often extend outside the village or community, offering certain advantages. If a community suffers from drought, war, disease, food shortages, or other disasters, for example, its members may go to live with kin in other areas. Marriage and kinship are also linked by customs governing the transfer of property between and within kin groups. The most common form of such transfer in Africa is called bridewealth. This is a gift from the groom or his family to the bride’s family, often in livestock but sometimes in money or other forms of wealth. Some hunter-gatherer societies follow the custom of bride service, which involves the groom moving to the home of his wife’s family and hunting or working for his parents-in-law (Stephens:1982). Traditional African kinship is a cooperative relationship between household members and members of the larger lineage group. It involves a set of social obligations and expectations that ensures that no one faces tragedy alone. In societies without welfare services provided by a central government, kinship provides a â€Å"safety net† for individuals—orphans, widows, the elderly, the disabled, and divorced women—who lack an immediate household to care for them. Although kinship relations have grown weaker—especially in the cities—they continue to serve this function. For example, African kinfolk may support women and children while their husbands are away, perhaps by helping paying school fees or other expenses. Extended ties of kinship remain a vital part of life in contemporary Africa. Descent rules define socially recognized kin groups by tracing connections through chains of parent-child ties. A society may focus exclusively on connections traced through the male parent (patrilineal) or through the female parent (matrilineal). When descent is patrilineal, the descent group is composed of people of either sex whose fathers belong to the group. Siblings belong to the descent group of their father, but their mother belongs to a different descent group, the group to which her father belongs. Therefore, a man’s children will belong to his descent group, but a woman’s children will not belong to her descent group. Analogously, if descent is matrilineal, siblings belong to the mother’s group but their father does not. A woman’s children will belong to her descent group, but a man’s children will not belong to his (Schapera: 1971). Matrilineal is a system in which descent is traced through the mother and maternal ancestors. Matrilineal is also a societal system in which one belongs to one’s matriline or mother’s lineage, which can involve the inheritance of property and/or titles. Matrilineal descent, which traces lineage through mothers, exists in many African societies based on farming, especially in central Africa. Among the Bemba people of Zambia, mothers own the fields and pass them on to their daughters. Among the Bemba people of Northern Zambia, marriage is matrilocal. â€Å"That is to say a man goes to live in his wife’s village, at any rate for the first years of his married life. This is also true of marriage among other Zambian tribes like the Bisa, Lala, Lamba, Chewa, Kaonde, and many others. Among the Chewa of Eastern Zambia, the custom of man living with his wife’s parents temporarily or permanently was known as Ukamwini (Barnes: 1951). Societies with matrilineal social organization are not necessarily ruled by women. Some peoples who trace descent through women give political authority to men. In certain cultures men traditionally go to live with their mothers’ brothers, while women move to their husbands’ villages. Thus the men remain together, while the women through whom they trace descent are spread among the population. Because the men generally remain in the community, they have greater authority. Power and authority in matrilineal societies ultimately lies in the woman and her brother. As such children at an early age learn that their father has little authority or responsibility for them. The father knows that his children are not his ultimate responsibility but his sister’s children. Meanwhile the man and her married sister do not live in one locality, as they must maintain their marriages. Some scholars have suggested that this arrangement might be fraught with potential social problems and conflict (Bell & Vogel: 1960). More so than a patrilineal household where all the people charged with authority over the children potentially live in one household. Overall, there are two forms of social groups that from the basis of Bemba marriage and traditional family. First, there is the local unit of matrilocal marriage consisting of a man, his wife, his married daughters and their husbands and children, second, the matrilineal descent group which consists of maternal relatives and ancestors traced back to several generations. These constitute the core of the Bemba traditional African family around which the social organization of the raditional society revolves. â€Å"Both form the basis of the political structure of the tribe since the matrilocal extended family is the nucleus of the Bemba village although many other elements may be added to it, and succession to all political offices is fixed by the rule of matrilineal descent (Yizenge: 1988). A larger proportion of Zambian families are matrilineal than are patrilineal in organization. Within the country’s nine provinces, most households in the four provinces of Central, Northwestern, Luapula, and Copperbelt are matrilineal. The Namwanga and the Ngoni in the Eastern province, the Lozi in the Western, and the ILA in the Southern province are patrilineal. These groups are also patrilocal. That is, after marriage, the couple lives in the husband’s family house or close to his father’s household. Daily activities such as eating and educating the young are seldom conducted in the privacy of one’s house. Zambian villages have a central place governing the village. This place is called Insaka or Nsaka. In the matrilineal villages, the Insakas are located at the village center (Yizenge: 1988). This matrilineal descent pattern is in contrast to the more common modern pattern of patrilineal descent from which a Family name is usually derived. Patrilineal descent emphasizes the male side of the family, tracing relationships through the generations from fathers to their children. Patrilineal descent is common among pastoral societies. Because Islam arose among pastoral people in Arabia in the A. D. 600s, Islamic law tends to reflect patrilineal practices. For example, male children are favored over females in inheriting a father’s property. This and other aspects of patrilineal social organization can be found among the ARABS, BERBERS, and other Islamic peoples of North Africa. Many other pastoral groups, including the Nuer of SUDAN and the ZULU and Swazi of southern Africa, are patrilineal (Schapera: 1971). One feature of social life in Africa’s patrilineal societies is the close relationship between a man andhissister’s son—his nephew. Anthropologists call this relationship the avunculate, and in African cultures it may require the uncle to give his best cattle to his nephew or to accept teasing from the nephew. A brother might also be expected to support his sister’s children or to participate in the rituals that mark the stages of their lives. In southern Africa, where the avunculate is common, a boy’s uncle on his mother’s side may be called his â€Å"male mother† in recognition of this special link. In some groups the opposite relationship occurs, with a boy’s father’s sister—his aunt—seen as an authority figure called the â€Å"female father. † The Tsonga (Thonga) of Mozambique and the Nama of Namibia are some of the best examples of groups that practice the avunculate, although neither group follows the custom as closely as it did in the past. In patrilineal cultures when a marriage occurs the wife becomes part of her husband’s family, and if you have family names in such a culture, it becomes natural for the wife to take her husband’s family name. There may be a sense in such cultures that both the husband and wife are really part of each other’s families now, but since descent is reckoned by the male line, there is a greater sense that the wife is part of the husband’s family rather than visa versa (Yizenge: 1988). These are the reasons that the custom exists sociologically, but the origins of the custom tended to be obscured in the minds of many. When radical feminism came along, it wanted to radically tinker with the sexual status quo, to smash traditional gender roles, and even to call into question the institution of the nuclear family. (I’m talking about radical feminism, mind you, not moderate feminism that merely wanted better treatment for women. ) Doing away with the historical naming conventions would serve those goals (as well as making it harder to keep track of who is related to whom, thus undermining the family), and so not taking the husband’s name became a symbol of defiance against traditional values. Though there are some differences in these two societies matrilineal and patrilineal, there are some similarities which both societies perform as families. A Zambian family, like families elsewhere, can be thought of as a group. The most important duties of this group are to reproduce, nurture, and educate the young to become productive members of the family and the society at large. This training process is also referred to as socialization. The head of the Zambian family can either be the father or a maternal uncle. If it is a maternal uncle, the mother, more than the father, plays a crucial role in decision making within the family. These matrilineal families are very common in Zambia. In matrilineal families, the authority and power to make decisions rests with the mother and her relatives. In some family types, the father is the decision maker. These patterns of authority and power are passed from one generation to the next in Zambia (Coser: 1974). The stable satisfaction of sex needs is the Primary and essential function of family in these societies. Sex instinct is the natural urge of human being. The satisfaction of this need requires that both male and female should live together as life partners. It is the family where the husband and wife can satisfy their sex instincts easily and comfortably. Without family the satisfaction of sex need is almost socially quite impossible. A family not only satisfies but also provides the appropriate mechanism through marriage to regulate sexual behaviour of husband and wife (Coser: 1974) Reproduction or procreation is another essential function of family in both matrilineal and patrilineal familities. The family along with regulating the sexual behaviour in relation to the satisfaction of sexual needs secures a legitimate basis for procreation. Since the inception of family, it has been performing this fundamental function. This function of family contributes to the continuity of family and ultimately perpetuates the human race as a whole. Protection and care of the children is another essential function of family. It is regarded as an institution par excellence for the production and rearing of children. It is true that no other institution can take required care of the child like family. The child at birth is complete helpless and cannot survive at all without the help of the family. It is the family which provides care, protection, security (Physical, mental) and fulfils all other needs to make him fit in the society. Family is one of the primary agents of socialization. Family members teach the child the norms, value morals, beliefs and ideals of society. In the family the children first learn what is good and bad, what is right and wrong. They develop specific habits, traits of character, attitudes and values. The senior members of the family pass the family culture to the new generation thought socialization process. Thus, family acts an instrument of culture transmission. In both societies childhood is the socialization of the child in readiness for adulthood. This is sexual differentiation in socialization in which girls will become acceptable mothers and wives and boys husbands and fathers. Children are expected to help in minor household tasks. Boys herd goats, cows, and livestock. They also perform light duties for relatives. Girls at an early age are taught a wide range of household and agricultural duties including cooking, cultivation and tending children. â€Å"Girls, in distinction to boys, seldom have time to play games (Stephens: 1982). Family makes a provision of a home or a common habitation for its embers. Here both husband and if live together for procreation, protection and care of the children. It is a place of multifarious activities. All the members of the family depend on home for comfort, protection and peace. It is that institution which provides the mental or the emotional satisfaction. Members of the family exchange their love , sympathy and affection among themselves. Fostering is common in both societies. When couples fail to have children, they often become foster parents. It is also very common among siblings to foster care; that is, children are fostered by aunts and uncles. A survey of households in Kitwe, the second largest city in Zambia, found that about 14 percent of all children aged fourteen and younger, and nearly 18 percent of children aged to ten to fourteen years were not living with their parents (Ahmed 1996). The estimates of the extent of fostering in other African countries, such as Ghana, are much higher. Often fostered children are considered and treated as though they are biological offspring. When families are forced to adopt children following some misfortune, foster children may become victims of abuse and neglect. This chapter only focused on the matrilineal and patrilineal African traditional family patterns because they seem representative of the broad patterns that exists on the continent. It must be emphasized, however, that these were traditional patterns as far back as late 1800s up to as late as 1960s. The dramatic social changes in Africa during the last three decades of political independence from European colonialism have obviously affected the traditional family. And from our explanation it can be seen that the society some one belongs to dictate his or her life this is because each society has its norms and believes.